Research in psychological health

The difference between the lived experience of healthy spouses and mourning spouses during the corona virus epidemic

Samin Baharshanjani

Covid-19 has had a significant impact on spouses' relationships. The high mortality rate from this disease is also a serious challenge. The aim of this study was to identify and investigate the differences between the life experiences of healthy spouses and mourning spouses during the corona virus epidemic. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. The statistical population was all healthy spouses of Tehran and Khorasan Razavi provinces, who have not been infected with the disease since the beginning of the outbreak and all spouses of these two provinces who lost their spouses due to corona virus. The sample included 9 healthy and 8 mourning spouses. The available sampling method was used for healthy spouses and targeted and snowball methods were used for mourning spouses. Interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner, then implemented verbatim and analyzed by Colaizzi method. 4 main themes were identified in the experiences of both groups: worries, personal reactions, changes in social relationships and changes in attitudes. The main differences were in the sub-themes (e.g., illness concerns for healthy spouses and worries about survival for mourning spouses) and in main themes, they were similar due to the commonality of the questions. The results, by identifying the experiences of these two groups of spouses, showed that caring for self and for family against corona virus or death due to it, can cause significant problems and it is necessary to provide support systems for families according to their circumstances.

The prevalence of Cyberbullying and demographic characteristics of bullies, victims and cyber bullies-victims

Farhad Taremian

Cyberbullying is defined as a willful and repeated harm, inflicted through computer, cell phones and other electronic devices. In this article, the prevalence of cyberbullying and demographic characteristic of the people who were involved in this phenomenon, has been studied. 425 boys and girls in Kermanshah’s high school had been selected using randomized cluster procedure. The prevalence of cyberbullying was 7.7 percent, cybervictimization was 10.9 percent, and cyberbully-victim was 31.4 percent and 50.0 percent of the students weren’t involved. The result of demographic characteristics showed that more than half of boys and less than half of girls were involved in cyberbullying. Students who were involved in cyberbullying, had weaker religious beliefs in family and reported worse parent-child relationships. They also had more daily internet use and using social network is what they do the most on the internet. Results of other demographic characteristic is shown in their own tables. The prevalence of cyberbullying and cybervictimization is aligned with other countries but cyberbully-victims’ rates are higher. Results of some of the demographic characteristics showed pretty interesting differences that must be considered in future studies.

Relationship between perfectionism and traumatic experiences with non-suicidal self- injurious behaviors: A mediating role of psychological Hardiness

mehrangiz paivastegar

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural model of explaining non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors based on perfectionism and traumatic experiences with the mediating role of psychological hardiness. The design of the present study was applied and correlational by structural equation modeling. Among all undergraduate students in Tehran universities, 529 (411 girls and 118 boys) were selected by cluster random sampling. They all completed questionnaires on self-injury, moral perfectionism, traumatic experiences, and psychological hardiness. Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling using SPSS_V19 and AMOS_V18softwares were used to analyze the data. The results showed that both the variables of moral perfectionism and traumatic experiences, had direct and significant effects on psychological toughness and self-injurious behaviors. Psychological hardiness also had a direct and significant effect on self-injurious behaviors. In addition, the results showed that the two variables of moral perfectionism and traumatic experiences have an indirect and significant effect on self-injurious behaviors (P<0.01). Finally, the results of this study showed that moral perfectionism and harmful experiences have a significant effect on self-injurious behaviors due to stubbornness, and therefore the knowledge of psychologists, counselors and other experts about this model, to improve self-injurious behaviors, can be helpful.

Short Version of the Electronic Device of the Mental Health Problems Assessment for Iranian Adolescents - Teacher Form

Saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh

Due to the great importance of mental health students screening and lack of an appropriate native tool that was prepared based on prevalent psychopathological problems in students, the aim of this study was to provide an Short Scale-Electronic Secondary Adolescent Mental Health Problems-Teacherchr('39')s Edition.The purpose of the present study was to conduct a descriptive survey in terms of purpose of applied research. The statistical population of this study was second year high school students in Sivik province in the year 1396-97 with a total of 3761 students. Results: The results of item analysis showed that most items have the necessary conditions for tool presence. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the eight-item 40-item model could be considered as the most appropriate scale factor structure. Factor correlation coefficients ranged from 0.7 to 0.94, and item-to-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.82. Also, the coefficients of correlation between short and long-range factors were between 0.65 and 0.97. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the resulting psychometric properties indicate the suitability of the short form of psychological health questionnaire for screening practices in the student population.

Describe and compare the experience of middle-aged people, of Covid-19 epidemic and quarantine conditions in the first and second peaks of the disease

zahra Abdekhodaei

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the lived experience of middle-aged people with the phenomenon of Covid-19 and quarantine experience in the first and second peaks of the disease. This qualitative study was done by descriptive phenomenological method. 10 middle-aged participants (41 to 65 years old) were chosen by purposive sampling method and interviewed in depth, during two peaks of corona in Iran. Data were saturated with 7 interviews and to make sure, 10 people were interviewed. Data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by the seven-step Colaizzi’s method. The present study achieved 10 main themes and 28 sub-themes. Key topics included first encounter, worries, beliefs, dealing, and the role of religion, family relationships, existential concerns, post-corona growth and the experience of infecting relatives. It seems that in the first peak of Corona, middle-aged people experienced anxiety, which over time, decreased by turning to religion, the principles of hygiene and avoidance. The remarkable point of the present study is that middle-aged people have experienced more acceptance of the crisis and the resulting situation than experiencing growth and change in the two corona peaks. In fact, middle-aged people try to adjust to their limitations and are less concerned about changing their lifestyle.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) on Iranian students in 1398

Arezo zarebi

The aim of the present study was to prepare a Persian version of the Dias, Compos, Almeida and Palha (2018) Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLQ) and to examine its psychometric properties. For this purpose, 346 undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students of Shahroud University were selected in the academic year of 1398-99 through the available sampling. They completed the Persian version of the MHLQ (2018), Attitude Scale - Fischer and Farina (1995) - Short Form, questionnaire, and Health Anxiety inventory - Salkovskis & Warwick - Short Form (2002), and Beck Depression Questionnaire. The results of compound reliability for all subscales were more than 0.5, which indicates the desired reliability of the scale. CVR was more than 0.62 percent and the CVI was more than 0.75 percent, indicating the appropriate content validity of the scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor load of the items is more than 0.15 and all the routes from the items to the variable hidden at the level. 0.5 were significant and the scale had a good construct validity. An examination of the validity of the structure using CFA showed that the scale has a factor structure consisting of 4 subscales. The study of validity at the same time as calculating the correlation of this scale with the scale of attitude with the help of psychological psychologists - Fisher and Farina (1995) short form, Health Anxiety Questionnaire - Salkoskis and Varvik short form (2002), indicates a positive relationship between scale scores. The results indicate that the mental health literacy questionnaire is a valid and appropriate tool for use in Iranian society.

Effectiveness of LEARN Multifaceted Stress Management Program in Reducing Perceived Stress and Improving Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Symptoms

Elhan Mousavi

This study is a case report that aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LEARN multifaceted stress management program in reducing perceived stress and improving irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. The research samples, were two women with severe IBS, selected from the ones seeing a gastroenterology subspecialist in Zafar area of Tehran, via convenience sampling method and based on inclusion-exclusion criteria. Perceived stress and severity of IBS symptoms were measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and GISR scale respectively, before intervention, during implementation and three months after the end of sessions. Findings’ analysis using graph drawing and remission index calculation with that formula, represented the effectiveness of LEARN multifaceted stress management program in perceived stress reduction and IBS symptoms improvement. Also, this improvement was maintained in the range of 50% to 56%, in three-month follow-up after the intervention. Therefore, based on biopsychosocial model, due to effective components of LEARN multifaceted program, this program can be considered as a suitable treatment option for IBS.