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Phenomenological investigation of the experience of interpersonal relationships in people with vulnerable narcissistic personality disorder
Ms. Elahe Safaeian, Ms. Zohreh Khosravi, Ms. Azam Farah Bijari, Ms. Shaghayegh Zahraei,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Narcissistic personality disorder is always associated with a permanent disorder in interpersonal functioning, however, limited studies have addressed the phenomenological nature of interpersonal relationships in these people. Since vulnerable narcissistic personality disorder still does not have a place in the diagnostic classification of mental disorders after several decades, addressing the nature of interpersonal relationships in these people can help to better understand this disorder and to facilitate the process of diagnosis and treatment. The present study is a qualitative analysis of the narratives of 6 vulnerable narcissistic participants who participated in a semi-structured interview and described their relationships with others as they experience them. The implemented text of the interviews was analyzed according to the principles of interpretive phenomenological analysis and 11 main themes:"lack of sociability/fragile interpersonal relationships/interpersonal passivity/self-censorship due to fear of others' judgment/negative self-concept/approval and attention-seeking/fluctuation between anger towards self and others/defense mechanisms/power-seeking personality/definition of intimacy and interpersonal sensitivity" were extracted. In general, the findings of the current research show that despite the fact that these people need social relationships to satisfy their narcissistic needs,but their defense mechanisms prevent them from social relationships. Therefore, having or not having relationships is always a point of conflict for these people.
The Mediating Role of Reappraisal and Suppression of Emotional Experiences in the Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Addiction Tendency
Dr Mohsen Rasouli, Mrs Aysan Sharei, Mr Ali Salmani,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional suppression in the relationship between personality traits and addiction tendencies among university students. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all students at Kharazmi University during the academic year 2023-2024, from which 357 students were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (McCrae & Costa, 1992), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), and the Addiction Tendency Scale (Weid & Butcher, 1992). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS 24 and Amos 24 software. The results revealed that neuroticism had a direct and positive relationship with addiction tendency, while extraversion and conscientiousness showed a direct and negative relationship with addiction tendency. No significant direct relationship was found between agreeableness and addiction tendency. Furthermore, neuroticism had a direct relationship with emotional suppression, while extraversion and conscientiousness had a direct relationship with reappraisal of emotions. Reappraisal of emotional experiences was not significantly related to addiction tendency, but emotional suppression had a significant direct relationship with addiction tendency. Additionally, emotional suppression played a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and addiction tendency (t = 1.96). Therefore, personality traits, as well as emotion regulation and suppression, play a significant role in the tendency toward addiction among students. Targeting these two factors in psychological treatments may be effective in reducing students’ addiction tendencies.

Ideation and Development of the Meme Mapps Technique to Trace the Developmental History of Pathological Psychological Mems in Major Depressive Disorder: A Qualitative Case Study.
Mohsen Amiri, Jahangir Karami,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Abstract
 One of the overlooked aspects of psychopathology is its cultural foundations. Just as genes can carry defective biological information and transmit it across generations, memes can also transfer defective cultural information into minds, potentially leading to psychological distress. Therefore, the present study aims to conceptualize and develop the technique of Meme Maps to trace the developmental history of pathological psychological memes in Major Depressive Disorder. This study follows a qualitative case-study approach. The research population consisted of individuals aged 18 to 25 diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder in Kermanshah, in 2024. Through purposive sampling, a single participant was selected for detailed analysis. Memetic assessment revealed two primary memeplexes—Incapacity-Helplessness and Shame-Deficiency that contributed to the patient’s symptoms. Using the Meme Maps technique, the Gestational and Developmental Meme Events of these memeplexes were identified. The patient’s awareness of these Gestational Meme Events and Developmental Meme Events led to insight into the emotions corresponding to pathological memes, enabling them to destabilize the foundations of their maladaptive memeplexes. This insight further allowed the individual to counteract the extended phenotypic effects of these memeplexes. the study demonstrated the effectiveness of Meme Maps in identifying the evolutionary trajectory of pathological psychological memes in Major Depressive Disorder

Design and validation of the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder questionnaire
Mr. Mohammad Farhoush, Mr. Mohammad Najafi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (12-2025)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder questionnaire (OCPDQ) and validate it. The present study was descriptive (correlational). First, the items of the obsessive personality questionnaire were designed based on the Farhoush and Najafi (1404) model, and its content validity was confirmed by 8 experts and were administered along with the Gibb OCPD questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression, and Diner life satisfaction questionnaires to 309 clients of counseling centers. To assess diagnostic validity, 58 participants underwent a structured clinical interview based on DSM5.  Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and SPSS24 and LISREL8/8 software were used in the analysis. The results showed that the OCPDQ consists of 24 items and 3 components are strictness and extreme accuracy, introverted affect, and preoccupation with order and organization. The reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.90. Its convergent validity was with the Gibb questionnaire (0.52), discriminant validity with the Depression Questionnaire (0.39) and Hospital Anxiety Questionnaire (0.23), and divergent validity with life satisfaction (-0.195) was favorable. The Construct validity, sensitivity (90%) and specificity (84%) were also favorable. Based on the results, the OCPDQ has appropriate validity.

 
 
 
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