Journal of

---

This study was an attempt to investigate the theoretical bases of the one of the important theories in the domain of positive psychology that is, flow experience, and it also investigated the factor structure of flow state scale in physical education students of Tehran universities. This scale contained 9 factors, and 4 questions were considered for each factor. 198 physical education students were selected out of 6 universities located in Tehran as the samples of the study. Construct validity and reliability of the flow state scale were tested through factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha Congruent validity of the flow state scale was tested through correlation coefficient with the  peak-experience questionnaire(10 items).The results indicated that 9 factor model confirmed the flow state. Finally, it should be recommended that for the subsequent research some problematic questions, research method and the samples should be reviewed

---

The purpose of the present research was to examine the factor structure of Fear of Intimacy Scale (Descutner & Thelen, 1991) and to get an acute tool which measures the degree of the Fear of Intimacy among the Iranian people. Population of the study included some married couples living in Tehran, Iran. A sample of 567 subjects, 329 females (58%) and 238 males (41.9%), completed the relevant questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to analyze the structure of the questionnaire. Factor analysis revealed two factors existed among the 35 items of the questionnaire: fear of intimacy in the relationship with the spouse, fear of intimacy in the relationship with the others. The internal consistency for the whole scale, factor 1 and factor 2 was 0.83 ,0.81 ,0.72 respectively test-retest reliability for the whole scale, factor 1 and factor 2 was 0.92, 0.87,0.85 respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data hadsignificant correlation. Negative correlation(-0.58) between this scale and the intimacy scale of walker and Thompson was indicative of the construct validity of test. FIS can be used to help those having problems in increasing the level of intimacy with others especially their spouse. Further, this scale can be used in clinical works and research.

---

The current study investigates the mediating role of basic psychological needs (autonomy competence and relatedness), motivational self-regulation (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and academic demotivation) and academic excitement (class enjoyment and learning hopelessness) in the relationship between environmental factors supporting student's academic autonomy and school well-being. Through multi stage cluster sampling, 520 male and female students were selected from Karaj’s high schools. The tools used in this study included teacher’s supporting student’s autonomy scale, parents’ supporting student’s autonomy scale, the scale of relationship with classmates, basic psychological needs scale, academic motivation scale, school well-being scale, and academic emotions questionnaire. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, cronbach alpha and structural equation modeling. Findings of the study demonstrated that teacher’s supporting student’s autonomy parents’ supporting student’s autonomy and the relationships with the classmates had a significant and direct effect on the basic psychological needs. Furthermore, teacher’s supporting student’s autonomy through mediatory variables of the study didn’t have direct and significant effect on school well-being. However the indirect effect of parents’ supporting student’s autonomy was significant. Autonomy, relatedness, academic demotivation and class enjoyment had significant direct effect on school well-being. In addition, autonomy, competence, relatedness, academic intrinsic and extrinsic motivation had an indirect, significant effect on school well-being .Therefore, it can be concluded that basic psychological needs, motivational self-regulation and academic emotions played a mediating role between the environmental variables supporting student’s autonomy and school well-being.

---

The present study was an experimental design with follow-up and control group and it aimed at investigating the effectiveness of stress management and relaxation training (SMART) in reducing the Negative Affect and in improving the life quality of women with Breast Cancer. Population of the study included all the women with breast cancer who visited Mostafa Khomeyni Hospital and 18 patients were selected and were put randomly into experimental group (9 patients) and control group (9 patients) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The B-SMART was administrated in 10 weekly sessions on the experimental group while there was no psychological treatment for the control group. PANAS questionnaire for Negative Affect, QLQ -C30, QLQ-Br23 questionnaires for quality of life, were completed by both groups before, after and 2 months after the program .The results obtained from the repeated measures analysis of variance showed the significant reduction of negative affect and improvement of the some life quality subscales of the experimental group in comparison to the control group which was stable during the 2 months follow-up.  

---

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in reducing the of Substance Users’ impulsivity who were under the Methadone Treatment. In a semi-experimental study, 40 methadone users of one of the addiction treatment centers in Yazd city were selected through availability sampling method and were then divided into two experimental and control group of twenty. In both groups two variables, age and economic satisfaction, were under control. In this research Barrat Impulsivity Scale was used to obtain the data. The experimental group underwent seven 90 minute sessions of motivational interviewing. Following the intervention, the two groups completed the above-mentioned scale as the post test. The post test revealed that motivational interviewing had an effect in reducing cognitive, motor impulsivity and non-planning in the subjects of the experimental group. Results of the study showed that motivational interviewing could significantly decrease cognitive, motor impulsivity and non-planning in experimental group in comparison to the control group.

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of five factors personality in regulating of relationship between perceived and objective stress and anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms . 390 bank managers responded five factors personality ( NEO ) , perceived stress , objective stress , anxiety and depression scals and symptoms check list . The results showed the interaction between Neurotism , Extraversion , conscientiousness mediated the relationship of perceived stress with anxiety, depression and physical symptoms . Objective stress influenced by perceived stress that emphasized on importance of subjectivity of stress. Findings showed simultaneous interaction these factors (low Neurotism , high Extraversion , high conscientiousness ) leads to a reduction in the effects of stress .

---

Background &Objective

As a progressive disease, multiple sclerosis is considered as one of the foremost and most common neurological disorders. Therefore, addressing the psychological issues and the impact of this disease on patients appears to be essential.This study was performed to investigate the relationship between psychological capitals and illness perception in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methodology

This was a descriptive - cross-sectional study. In this study, 120 patients with multiple sclerosis were selected and studied from the MS Society of city of Ahwaz by using available sampling method. The data collection tools included two questionnaires, "Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire" and "Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire" (Boardbent, Petrie, Maine and Weinman, 2006), which were completed by patients. The SPSS, Ver. 19 software and statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used for data analysis.

Results

The mean scores of psychological capitals (2.29 ± 16.39) and illness perception (1.03 ± 5.27) were calculated.Pearson correlation test showed a positive and meaningful correlation between the total score of psychological capitals and its components with the illness perception (P = 0.001). In regression results, among the psychological capitals components, the components of self-efficacy, optimism and resilience indicated the highest correlation with illness perception.

---

Objective:This study examined the psychometric properties of CRAS of Nelson & Carol (2006) in Iranian couples.. Method: The research was a descriptive-survey study.The study population was composed of married couples in Birjand city.In this study, 350 couples (700) were selected among Birjand couples using available sampling method,& CRAS of Carole & Nelson(2006),revised marital conflict questionnaire of Sanaei (2008) & marital adjustment questionnaire of Spinner (1976) were used. To analyze the data, the statistical indices of Pearson correlation, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis (using spss 23 software),& confirmatory factor analysis (using AMOS 23software) were used.Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 12-item CRAS in Iranian sample has been saturated from two factors (social Love withdrawal and social sabotage) explaining 56 percent of the scale variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that two-factor model of CRAS has good fitness with data (AGFI =0.93, NFI =0.94, RMSEA =0.06). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.85, convergent validity was obtained 0.4, and divergent validity was obtained -0.42 that all of them were significant at P≥0.01.Conclusion: In general, the results showed that CRAS of Carole & Nelson (2006) has good validity & reliability & it can be used to measure the CRA of couples.

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-knowledge process (integrative self-knowledge and mindfulness) and self control in regulating of relationship between perceived and objective stress and anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms. 217 firefighters were selected by simple stratified sampling from 22 stations. They responded to integrative self-knowledge (Ghorbani et al.,2008), mindfulness (Brown & Ryan.,2003), self control (Tangeny et al.,2004) perceived stress (Cohen et al., 1983) objective stress (made in this research), anxiety and depression(Costello & Comrey.,1967) scals  and symptoms check list(Bartone.,1995). The results showed the interaction between integrative self- knowledge and self control has the most role in regulating the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety, depression and physical symptoms. Objective stress influenced by perceived stress that emphasized on importance of subjectivity of stress.Finally, Findings indicate the mediating role of self-knowledge process in relationship between stress and anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms.

---

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) on physical and Mental Health Indicators in patients with essential hypertention. Subjects were first screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Therefore, 26 hypertensive patients, by using convenient sampling method were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control group (13 patients in each group). The MI group were treated in 5 sessions and while the control group did not receive any treatment. This study was a semi-experimental study with a pretest, post-test and follow-up. Results showed that there were significant differences between two groups in psychological well-being and its subscales, cognitive fusion and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. So, motivational interviewing is an effective intervention in essential hypertensive patients.

---

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural relationships of personality virtues, authentic personality and Personal Growth Initiative with wisdom acquisition in students. For this purpose, in a hypothetical structural model plan, which represented a network of direct and indirect relationships between personality virtues, authentic personality ,Personal Growth Initiative and  wisdom acquisition, 200 students (101 boys and 99 girls) of the University of Isfahan were selected by accessible sampling method. They were evaluated with Values in action inventory of strengths (VIA-72), Authenticity Scale (Wood et al., 2008) Personal Growth Initiative Scale (Robitschek, 1998), and Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (Ardelt, 2003). Structural equation modeling indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between the components of personality virtue and Character Strengths; Authentic Personality; Personal Growth Initiative ;and the amount of wisdom in students .Furthermore, the findings indicated that there was a positive relationship among the components of personality virtues, authentic personality and personal growth initiative. The findings supported the appropriateness of the hypothetical structure of the variables. In addition to practical implications, the findings provided a useful framework for identifying the components affecting the process of wisdom growth and acquisition in students.

---

---