Journal of

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This study aimed at predicting subjective well-being by using variables including extroversion, neuroticism, constructive problem solving, and dysfunctional problem solving. To do this, 528 students of Tehran’s Islamic Azad Universities were selected through multistage sampling, and then they completed five factor personality inventory, social problem -solving inventories, and subjective well – being scales. Data analysis, using structural equation modeling (SEM), showed that in general 47 percent of variance in subjective well – being could be explained by extroversion, neuroticism, constructive problem solving, and dysfunctional problem solving. The results indicated that extroversion positively and neuroticism and dysfunctional problem solving negatively predicted the subjective well – being, and neuroticism predicted dysfunctional problem solving positively and constructive social problem solving negatively. Extroversion didn’t not predict the constructive problem solving significantly, even though it predicted dysfunctional problem solving negatively. Moreover, the relation between constructive problem solving and subjective well- being wasn’t significant. Based on the results of this research, extroversion, neuroticism, constructive problem solving and dysfunctional problem solving had significant and determinant role in explaining subjective well – being.

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the model of structural relations between neuroticism, academic stress and health behaviors among Iranian and Swedish students.199 students (100 Iranian and 99 Swedish) completed the Big Five Inventory-SV (BFI-SV, Rammstedt & John, 2007), the Academic Stress Questionnaire (ASQ, Zajacova, Lynch & Espenshade, 2005) and the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI, Broman, 1998). Relations between latent and observed variables in the conceptual Model were examined using structural equation modeling. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the global model had an acceptable fit to the data. In the global model, neuroticism and academic stress showed a significant positive relationship and the results of the global model indicated a significant negative relationship between neuroticism and academic stress with health behaviors. The results of the culture specificity of structural relations showed that structural relations were equivalent for the cultural groups. In sum, these findings through emphasizing the importance of the integration of trait and cultural psychology perspectives, retains heuristic value in designing studies, formulating hypotheses, and making theoretical refinements in the study of the structural relations between neuroticism, academic stress and health behaviors across cultures.

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The purpose of this study was to provide a structure- oriented cross-cultural comparison of the within-group relationships between the negative life events, academic stress and subjective well-being among the Iranian and Swedish undergraduate students. On a sample consisting of 205 students (100 Iranian, 105 Swedish) the negative Event Scale, Academic Stress Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Satisfaction with Life Scale were administrated. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between the multiple factors in both groups. Results of the multiple regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the Iranian and Swedish students in terms of the structure –oriented relations of the negative life events, academic stress and subjective wellbeing. However, the results of within-group comparisons showed that among the Iranian students, in comparison to the Swedish students, the negative life events had a high ability in predicting the academic stress and the emotional and cognitive components and that the academic stress had a high ability in predicting the subjective wellbeing. Results of the present study put an emphasis on the similarity of applied features of negative life events and academic stress among the Iranian and Swedish students in predicting the subjective wellbeing.

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This study examined the mediating role of religious coping on the relationship between perceived stress and emotional well-being among cancer patients. On a sample consisting of 155 cancer patients were administrated the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Pargament, Koenig & Perez, 2000), the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein, 1983) and the positive affect and negative affect schedule (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating role of religious coping on the relationship between perceived stress and emotional well-being among cancer patients. Results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between perceived self-efficacy with positive religious coping, significant positive correlation between perceived helplessness with negative religious coping, significant positive correlation between perceived self-efficacy with positive affect and a significant positive correlation between perceived helplessness with negative affect. Results also indicated that the relationship between perceived stress and emotional well-being by positive and negative religious coping strategies is mediated. All of the regression weights in the proposed model were statistically significant and model' predictors accounted for 80 and 60% of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively. These findings show that in cancer patients when encountering to stressful experiences, difference in scores of positive and negative affect among patients, accounted for by difference in degree of positive and negative religious coping strategies.

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Objective: This study examined the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors on the relationship between internal/external religious orientations and perceived social support with emotional well-being and life satisfaction among university students. Method: On a sample consisting of 410 students (157 male 253 female), the Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale(I/EROS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)were administrated. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating effects model of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors on the relationship between internal/external religious orientations and perceived social support with emotional well-being and life satisfaction among university students. Results: Results showed that there is a positive significant correlation between internal religious orientation and social support with healthy lifestyle behaviors and a positive non-significant correlation between external religious orientations with health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. Results also indicated that there is a positive significant correlation between health-promoting lifestyle behaviors with positive affect and life satisfaction and a negative significant correlation between health-promoting lifestyle behaviors with negative affect. Results of structural equation modeling also showed that the relationship between internal religious orientation and social support with positive and negative affect and life satisfaction is mediated fully by health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. In this hypothesized model, internal/external religious orientations and perceived social support factors accounted for 29% of the variance in health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. Also, health-promoting lifestyle behaviors accounted for 64%, 16% and 38% of the variance in positive affect, negative affect and life satisfaction variables, respectively. Conclusion: In sum, these finding show that the part of available variance in emotional well-being and life satisfaction in the context of prediction these cognitive and emotional components by internal/external religious orientations and perceived social support, accounted for persons' health-promoting lifestyle behaviors.