Journal of

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This study aimed at predicting the tendency to drug abuse based on personality traits, alexithymia, attachment styles and behavioral inhibition/activation systems. In

  a sample of 345 students,  selected from the students of  Islamic Azad University of Andimeshk, khozestan through stage random sampling method, the model for the path of drug abuse was investigated. Then each subject was asked to complete five questionnaires including  PS (APS), behavioral inhibition and activation system scale (BIS/BAS), short form NEO Personality Inventory (NEOPI- FF) ,Toronto Alexithymia  Scale(TAS-20) attachment adult scale(RASS).The results showed that the predicting capacity of inhibition /activation system changed when the mediating variables were included.This indicated the mediating role of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeability, responsibility  and avoidance/ ambivalence attachment styles and alexithymia in the  behavioral 

inhibition/activation systems and tendency to drug abuse. Behavioral activation system lead to the reduction of the tendency to drug abuse and behavioral inhibition system lead to the increase of the tendency to drug abuse. Neuroticism and ambivalent/avoidance attachment style, and alexithymia were the mechanisms reducing or increasing the effect of behavioral inhibition/activation systems on the tendency to drug abuse.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the feeling of hostility between  prostitutes affected with AIDS(active group) , women get infected through their husbands(passive group) and the normal women. The study sample contained 90 women and of them  60 women admitted to Imam-Khomeini Hospital for AIDS. Of these 60 women, 30 of them got infected through their various sexual partners and the other 30 women got infected through their spouses. The rest of 30 women were without AIDS and like the other two groups had one children and had an educational degree ranging from dipolamo to bachelor. Redford- Williams Hostility Inventory(RWHI) was used to gather required data. To examine research hypothesis ANOVA & x2 were used. According to results, the feeling of hostility in the normal group was signifcantly less than the feeling of hostility in the active and passive groups. In addition, there was significant differences between the active and passive groups in terms of the feeling of hostility.Given the higher feeling of hosility in prostitutes and the possibility of resulting hostile acts and of not observing safe sex, it is necessary to pay more attention to these women ,support them and provide the necessary helps for them. Furthermore, an appropriate planning is needed for providing medical,cultural and pyschological services for this women and for increasing the knowledge of society

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In recent years, rumination has been used in the etiology of depression and hopelessness as two proximal predictors of suicide ideation and behavior. But findings have been inconsistent with respect to the role of rumination subtypes in the prediction of suicidal ideation and it was supposed that reflection (focusing on the causes of depressed mood) was a more adaptive form than the brooding (focusing on the results of depressed mood). The present study, in the context of Ruminative Response style theory of depression, aimed at examining the role of rumination and its subtypes along with depression and hopelessness in the prediction of suicidal ideation. To this end, 177 undergraduate students with scores of 10 or higher in BDI-II were asked to complete rumination and hopelessness scales and questions about suicide ideation. Using logistic regression technique, it was shown that this model could predict 59.3% of the likelihood of the presence of suicidal ideation. This study was in line with earlier studies which have presumed reflection as the more adaptive subtype. Results also suggested that there was a greater correlation between rumination, its subtypes and suicidal ideation in females. This study also emphasizes the use of interventions targeting rumination in order to prevent suicidal ideations.

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The goal of this research was to compare the recognition of disgust between patients with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy people, and to study the relationship between the intensity of this disorder and the ability of the recognition of disgust. In this causal-comparative research, facial emotion recognition has been studied in two groups consisting of 15 normal people and 15 people with severe OCD. Facial emotion recognition was assessed by using of 41 pictures of Ekman and Friesen (1979) that evaluates 6 different emotion styles (sadness, happiness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise) and neutral emotion. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the recognition of disgust ( F=3, P=0/04).Since the situation in which OCD patients experienced disgust was different from the situations in which the normal people experienced disgust, we can consider the different perception of disgust in these individuals as one of the underlying causes of having the symptoms of OCD, specially preoccupation about the air pollution. It seems that there is a defect of the recognition of disgust only in people with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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This research has been developed with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on the self-efficacy of lifestyle related to weight and weight loss .In order to achieve this goal, through a semi-experimental design with a pretest and a posttest , all female students of Bu Ali Sina university whose index of body mass was between 25 and 35 were interviewed ,and then 30 of them who had the criteria of participating in schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy sessions were chosen as the available samples and then were put randomly  into three groups (two experimental groups and a control group).The first group received schema therapy for 10 one-hour sessions, the second group received cognitive behavior therapy for 10 one-hour sessions and the third group as the control group received no intervention. The gathered data were analyzed through covariance analysis. The results showed that both schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy had a positive effect on the improvement of the self-efficacy of lifestyle related to weight gain and weight loss. However, the efficacy of the schema therapy was more than the efficacy of the cognitive behavior therapy. Furthermore, no change occurred in the control group during the process of assessment. Generally, both schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy had an effect on the increase of the sense of control over areas of lifestyle related to weight and weight control.

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The goal of this research was to compare the intimacy and interpersonal experience anger in people with obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and normal group. The sample of the study included 90 Participants (30 patients with obsessive–Compulsive disorder, 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and 30 normal subjects) that were selected by convenience sampling. Participants completed Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), Quality of relationship inventory (QRI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The analysis of the data showed, in the quality of intimate relationships the average of the participants' scores only had significant difference in subscale in social support. The average of social support in individual with generalized anxiety was different with the normal group. The average of the GAD group was more than normal group in total scale of anger. Both clinical group had more scores of normal group in arousal and experience inner anger was more in OCD group. The results revealed the some similar aspects of disorders that can be useful in pathological and treatment of disorders.

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The present study was aimed at investigating the role of patience to predict the difficulty of emotional regulation in students. Research participants were 400(155 males and 245 females) bachelor students of Shiraz University that were chosen using the multi-stage cluster sampling method from various colleges of  the University, and they have responded to Difficulties in Emotion Regulation scale(  (DERS) and patience scale. The reliability of the research instruments was determined  by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and their validity was determined by factorial analysis. Results of path analysis using the structural equation in AMOS software showed that the patience is a negative and significant predictor of difficulties in emotion regulation, and by increasing the patience score(grade) and its components, the score of difficulites in emotion regulation is reduced. Accordingly, it is proposed that patience education and its components are used as the major center of emotional control. These educations, in addition to reinforce the moral virtues of students, will be effective help in facilitate the emotions regulation.

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Background &Objective

As a progressive disease, multiple sclerosis is considered as one of the foremost and most common neurological disorders. Therefore, addressing the psychological issues and the impact of this disease on patients appears to be essential.This study was performed to investigate the relationship between psychological capitals and illness perception in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methodology

This was a descriptive - cross-sectional study. In this study, 120 patients with multiple sclerosis were selected and studied from the MS Society of city of Ahwaz by using available sampling method. The data collection tools included two questionnaires, "Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire" and "Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire" (Boardbent, Petrie, Maine and Weinman, 2006), which were completed by patients. The SPSS, Ver. 19 software and statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used for data analysis.

Results

The mean scores of psychological capitals (2.29 ± 16.39) and illness perception (1.03 ± 5.27) were calculated.Pearson correlation test showed a positive and meaningful correlation between the total score of psychological capitals and its components with the illness perception (P = 0.001). In regression results, among the psychological capitals components, the components of self-efficacy, optimism and resilience indicated the highest correlation with illness perception.

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Family cohesion and adaptability is an emotional bind among family members and ability to change of power structure and role relationships in marital life. This study aimed to examine the relationship of marital intimacy and spirituality with family cohesion and adaptability. In this descriptive correlation study 234 married men and women that consisted of students and employees from Shahrood and Mayamey  cities completed marital intimacy, spiritual experience and family cohesion and adaptability scales. Data analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression method using SPSS-16. Results showed that openness (marital intimacy subscale), and god related effect (spirituality subscale), rolled in prediction of family cohesion, as well, intimacy problems (marital intimacy subscale), and sociospritual activities (spiritual subscale), rolled in prediction of family adaptability. It seems that people with high spirituality that experience intimacy relationships in marital lives, reported high family cohesion and adaptability.

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This research was aimed to compare urban and rural children’s perceptions of Rorschach inkblots. The research population consisted of 7-10 year-old male students in the City of Zanjan and its surrounding villages. The sample included 80 students selected through random quota cluster sampling. The research was a causal-comparative study and Rorschach inkblot cards were used as the research tools. Student‘s t-test analysis results showed that the mean number of responses received from urban children was significantly greater than the mean responses received from rural children. Regarding, M_p, m_a, FT, TF, VF and FY indexes, significant differences were found between urban and rural children. No difference was observed regarding the other indexes. The results concluded that urban children are significantly different from rural children in terms of their perceptions of Rorschach inkblots. The only significant differences between urban and rural children were found in the number of responses and determinant indexes. No significant difference was found between urban and rural children regarding content, common responses, developmental quality, and percept location indexes.

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Rheumatoid arthritis is the most prevalent inflammatory disease of the joints in addition to physical disability, psychological distress is frequently seen in these patients; The aim of this study was to prevalence of Obsessive beliefs in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and compared with healthy peoples. In a causal-comparative study, 100 persons (50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 50 healthy peoples were selected using convenience sampling method and Demographic questionnaires and Obsessive beliefs (OBQ-44) completed. Data using descriptive statistics and statistical analysis Independent T-test were analyzed.The results showed that 92% of RA patients were eligible and obsessive beliefs and about the components of obsessive beliefs 88% in the field of "Perfection and certainty", 84% in the field of "responsibility and risk assessment and threat", 50% in the field of "the importance and thought control", 42% in the field of "common factor" and 8% in the field of "completing the" obsessive beliefs were eligible. Compare the two groups showed that in the field of "obsessive beliefs (total)", "Perfection and certainty", "sense of responsibility and threat assessment" and "common cause" significant differences, but on "the importance of thought control" and "Full perform the" difference was not significant.

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Purpose: there are several factors which mentioned in sexual health. In overall, biological, psychological and cultural factors effect on sexual health. The aim of this study was the investigation of predictive role of biological and psychological factors with the mediator role of cultural factors in sexual health. In this regard, direct and indirect effects of these variables were investigated  to predict sexual health.

Method: the instruments of this study included ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire, Beck self-concept scale, Bem's gender schemas questionnaire, Sherer's self-efficacy questionnaire, Amz's Narcissistic personality inventory,  quality of object relations inventory,Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W), and checklist of menopause symptoms, which performed on 307 women in Tehran between 1393-1394.

Findings: results suggest that cultural factors effect directly on sexual health. In addition, biological and psychological predict sexual health in direct and indirect (with the mediator role of cultural factors) way.

Conclusion: results show that this model is acceptable for explaining sexual health in menopausal women.

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Objective:This study examined the psychometric properties of CRAS of Nelson & Carol (2006) in Iranian couples.. Method: The research was a descriptive-survey study.The study population was composed of married couples in Birjand city.In this study, 350 couples (700) were selected among Birjand couples using available sampling method,& CRAS of Carole & Nelson(2006),revised marital conflict questionnaire of Sanaei (2008) & marital adjustment questionnaire of Spinner (1976) were used. To analyze the data, the statistical indices of Pearson correlation, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis (using spss 23 software),& confirmatory factor analysis (using AMOS 23software) were used.Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 12-item CRAS in Iranian sample has been saturated from two factors (social Love withdrawal and social sabotage) explaining 56 percent of the scale variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that two-factor model of CRAS has good fitness with data (AGFI =0.93, NFI =0.94, RMSEA =0.06). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.85, convergent validity was obtained 0.4, and divergent validity was obtained -0.42 that all of them were significant at P≥0.01.Conclusion: In general, the results showed that CRAS of Carole & Nelson (2006) has good validity & reliability & it can be used to measure the CRA of couples.

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Background: fatigue is an unpleasant mental feeling that has also been shown to decrease physical and Mental performance. Fatigue is a very common complaint and it is important to Healthcare Experts. Aim: this study was aimed to compare the meta-cognition of people with cronic fatigue and healthy. Metods: In this study, 120 undergraduate students (60 cronic fatigue and 60 healthy) of Tabriz University were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and screening metods. The participants filled Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) and short form of Wells meta-cognition scale (MCQ-30). Analyzing data was performed via independent samples t test. Results: Research findings revealed no diffrences in subscales of cognitive self-consciousness and negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability, but there were diffrences in positive beliefs about worry, lack of cognitive confidence and beliefs about the need to control thoughts, significantly. Conclusion: On the basis of results, focusing on the role of meta-cognition could be the important part of therapeutic interventions for the people with chronic fatigue syndrome.   

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Objective: The aim of this study was predicting behavioral disorders based on emotional abuse in the first high school students. Method:  Method of this study is descriptive-analytic method. Research community were included all first grade high school students in Jajarm city. 519 students were selected as sample through Census method. These students were completed adolescent self-reported questionnaire and emotional abuse questionnaire. To analyze data were used descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential methods (Pearson correlation and regression). Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between behavioral disorders (total scores, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant and conduct disorder) and emotional abuse (total scores and its subscales) (05 / 0p <). Regression analysis showed that the variables of emotional abuse could predict behavioral disorders. Conclusion: The results showed that educational and family environment should be pay attention to this issue because there is a significant relationship between emotional abuse and behavioral disorder.

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Purpose: The purpose of this research was to combines quantitative results of researches conducted on mental health of older people.

Methods: For this purpose, using quarterly and journals, all research was collected throughout the country during 1384-1394 that 30 researches were selected for meta-analysis .these studies were selected, based on research methodology components such as sampling methods, research methods, statistical methods, validity and reliability of the questionnaires.

Results: Combination of effect size by Schmitt and Hunts method shows that, variables Such as Social capital, physical activity, marital, non-residence in nursing homes, well-being, gender, economic status, education and various treatment methods related to mental health. There was no association between age and mental health.

Conclusion: The findings of this study shown that individual, social, psychic and demography factors can influence the mental health of older people. This information could be used in health planning, treatment and care. This information may increase the mental health of older people

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Abstract

multiple sclerosis (Ms), being a chronic disease, has a deep impact on pattient’s life and  living with a chronic progressive disorder such as multiple sclerosis (Ms) does not only present a challenge for patients, but may also produce considerable distress for their intimate partner. This research aims to evaluate comparison of sexual function and marital adjustment married woman with MS and normal. Using a causal-compare design with random sampling was evaluated 100 female (50patients with MS and 50normal subjects) that normal group were matched in demographic variables (gender, age, level of aducation) with MS group. They completed spanier marital adjustment scale and rosen sexual function.The results was analyzed using, analysis of variance. The results showed that there is significant difference between sexual function and marital adjustment married woman with MS and normal. ­­Results suggests that multiple sclerosis patients have more poor performance in compare with normal group in sexual function and marital adjustment.

 

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived social support on adherence through resilience and hope in patients with type 2 diabetes. 234 patients with type 2 diabetes among files available with diagnosis type 2 diabetes in health center Lamerd were selected by simple random sampling method. Participants were asked to complete Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Hope Scale, Resilience Scale and General Adherence Scale. Structural equation modeling through AMOS-16 software packages were used for data analysis. Analysis of structural equation modeling indicated that default model don’t fit for data and require to improvement. As a result, by eliminating non-significant routes final model fit to the data was confirmed. Other analyses revealed that the support of friends and other important people support were able to predict resiliency. As well the support of friends and other important people support indirectly predicted resilience through adherence. Hope also hadn’t a role mediating variable in the model. The findings of this study can be concluded that the resilience can be reinforced as the mediator variable effect of perceived social support (eg, support of friends and other important people support) on adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Marital satisfaction is an effective factor in physical and Psychological health of community. The purpose of this study was to present an Iranian satisfied marriage Model.  This study was done with qualitative research and grounded theory method. Purposeful sampling was used to collect the data. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was obtained. Totally 20 participants (10 couples) with high marital satisfaction were interviewed in semi structured and in-depth method and analyzed using the constant comparative method of Strauss and Corbin.  Findings indicated that progress toward maintaining and validating relationship is the core category of the study. The causal condition of the study was congruent spouse selection based upon well knowing of each other. The intervening condition of the study was categorized and explained in four categories of personal, couples, families, and parental levels. The strategies couples used in conflicts between themselves and families were explained. Finally the outcome of the core category was marital satisfaction that is explained more in detail. Marital satisfaction is related to culture and therefore studies should be done in the context of the culture and society

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Objective: This study examined the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors on the relationship between internal/external religious orientations and perceived social support with emotional well-being and life satisfaction among university students. Method: On a sample consisting of 410 students (157 male 253 female), the Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale(I/EROS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)were administrated. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating effects model of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors on the relationship between internal/external religious orientations and perceived social support with emotional well-being and life satisfaction among university students. Results: Results showed that there is a positive significant correlation between internal religious orientation and social support with healthy lifestyle behaviors and a positive non-significant correlation between external religious orientations with health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. Results also indicated that there is a positive significant correlation between health-promoting lifestyle behaviors with positive affect and life satisfaction and a negative significant correlation between health-promoting lifestyle behaviors with negative affect. Results of structural equation modeling also showed that the relationship between internal religious orientation and social support with positive and negative affect and life satisfaction is mediated fully by health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. In this hypothesized model, internal/external religious orientations and perceived social support factors accounted for 29% of the variance in health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. Also, health-promoting lifestyle behaviors accounted for 64%, 16% and 38% of the variance in positive affect, negative affect and life satisfaction variables, respectively. Conclusion: In sum, these finding show that the part of available variance in emotional well-being and life satisfaction in the context of prediction these cognitive and emotional components by internal/external religious orientations and perceived social support, accounted for persons' health-promoting lifestyle behaviors.