Showing 465 results for Type of Study: Research
Bita Arabnarmi, Hesam Ramezanzade,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
This research focuses on attitude and practice of elementary Physical Education(PE) teachers in relation to obesity. The question is the messages, symbols, conversations and teacher-centered interpersonal behaviors; how does provide attitude to obesity? The impacts of reinforced discourse likely affect obese student’s desirable feelings about their bodies, intentions of short-term or long-term physical activities, definition of exercise in daily life and habits. The data were collected using observations on PE class and interviews. Analyzes were carried out by description of the concepts used in the discourse theory of Lacla and Moff (1985). Results showed that there are two approaches: creating “fear of obesity” and “health responsibility”. In both approaches, obesity is a priority and special consideration is given to obese students in the classroom. The major difference between these approaches is to create different perspectives to obesity, it means that attitude and practice by the teacher can be accompanied by a sense of personal responsibility with awareness and the other hand, it can be affected by an undesirable and humiliating feeling to obesity
Tohid Ranjbari, Elahe Hafezi, Abolfazl Mohamadi, Farzane Ranjbar Shirazi, Fatima Ghafari,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Recently, clinical studies consider a different picture of obsessive-compulsive disorder. An image that similar to addictive behaviors in people with substance use disorder. The aim of the present study was to compare the anxiety, worry and intolerance of uncertainty among people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use with normal people. It is a case control study . For this purpose, 120 people with obsessive compulsive disorder and 120 substance use disorder were selected through target sampling. Also, for comparison with two clinical sampling groups 120 people were selected from the normal population. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Pennsylvania Worry Questionary (PSWQ) and Intolerance of Uncertainly Scale (IUS) were divided between three groups.The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of clinical groups and normal people in anxiety, worry and intolerance of uncertainly variables. However, there was no significant difference between obsessive-compulsive and substance use disorders. In general, according to the findings of this study and the similarity of people with obsessive-compulsive and substance use disorders, it is necessary to study the meta-diagnostic components in both of these disorders in order to prevent them.
Khadije Alavi, Mohammad Ali Asghari Moghadam, Abbas Rahiminezhad, Hojatolah Farahani,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
The objective of this study were to investigate Lynch’s theory of psychopathology with regard to depression. students from three universities in Tehran (n= 521) was selected by convenience sampling method. The measures used in this study were negative temperament scale of Schedule of Non-adaptive and Adaptive Personality, Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale, maladaptive perfectionism subscales of Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire, Personal Need for Structure Scale, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. The results showed that the model has good fit with data. Bootstrap analysis also confirmed the mediating role of over-controlling and social disconnectedness. Accordingly, the interaction of sensitivity to threats, sensitivity to rewards and parental perfectionism leads to development of an over-controlling coping style; this coping style leads to disturbance in social connectedness and subsequently to depression. Therefore, the results of this study support the Lynch’s model of psychopathology for depression.
Mohammad Sadegh Zamani Zarchi, Masoud Gholamali Lavasani , Javad Javad Ejei , Ali Ali Hosseinzadeh Oskouei, Sahar Samadi Kashan ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Divorce is a reality in the lives of many people around the world. This phenomenon is affecting people's lives in many ways and is the origin of complex emotional, cognitive and physical changes in the family, especially children. In this regard, this study was conducted to explore the lived experience of children of divorce about their emotional experiences. In this qualitative study, a phenomenological framework was adopted. The population under study was 17 adolescents aged 12-18 years old; who had experienced the separation of their parents. The participants were selected purposively, and selection continued until data saturation. Data collected by semi-structured and face-to-face individual interviews. The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi`s proposed stages. The thematic analysis resulted in three sub-themes for emotional experiences including anger and hate, fear and feeling of defenseless. According to findings, the adolescents participating in the study faced with a variety of emotions and experiences during the divorce and thereafter. Based on the results, children of divorce have numerous mental and environmental perceptions and experiences which in some cases can affect their well-being and mental health. The results emphasize the need for a deeper explanation of the lived experience of these people by psychologists and social workers and implementing therapeutic interventions based on the content derived from the present study, focusing on improving their emotional states.
Masumeh Shafiei, Fazlolah Mirdarikvand, Hadees Heidarirad,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the structural relationships of self-Compassion, cognitive flexibility and post-traumatic stress disorder. The study method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all the people who were supported by the Relief Committee and the Martyr foundation of Gilane-Qarb City at the second half of 2016 due to the exposure to at least one traumatic event (including mine explosions leading to maim and death of parents). The sample of this study comprised of 190 individuals who were selected through stratified random sampling method. For collecting data, demographic information, post-traumatic stress disorder (Mississippi), self-compassion and cognitive flexibility scales were used. Collected data tested using factor analysis method and structural equation modeling. Data analysis was performed by PLS software. Results showed that indicators associated with processing model, approved the path of self-compassion traumatic stress disorder with the mediation of cognitive flexibility. In addition, self-compassion affects the post-traumatic stress disorder either directly or indirectly. Therefore, cognitive flexibility is one of the explanatory passages for self-compassion communication and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Masoumeh Hosseinian, Robabeh Nouri, Maryam Moghadasin, Sophia Esalatmanesh,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a model for predicting cigarette and water-pipe use among university students based on the adjustment to the university, mental health and motivation for use. This correlational study with a structural equation modeling approach was conducted on 634 students selected from Kashan universities by cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ), Substance Use Motives questionnaires, Young Risk Behavior Scale (YRBS), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The results showed that none of the dimensions of adjustment to the university had a significant effect on cigarette or water–pipe use. Some dimensions (individual-emotional compatibility and attachment to the university) that were mediated by the role of mental health and consumer motivation, had an indirect significant effect on cigarette and water–pipe use. Mental health and coping motivation had a significant effect on cigarette use. Also, mental health and additive motivation had direct and significant effect on water-pipe use. Reduction of adjustment to the university in two aspects of emotional–individual adjustment and attachment to the university causes mental health problems, and the presence of coping motivations for cigarette use or additive motivations for water–pipe use, increase the probability of cigarette or water–pipe use among the students. According to the findings, the development of different preventive programs for cigarette or water–pipe use, screening of mental health problems especially for vulnerable students during the school years, is recommended.
Somayyeh Taklavi, Vahideh Azimi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
The present study aimed at comparing pain perception and alexithymia between patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, familial Mediterranean fever, and healthy people. The research method was casual-comparative and the sample was drawn from all patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis, familial Mediterranean fever, and healthy people in Ardabil city in 2017. The sampling procedure was Convenient. This way, 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients, familial Mediterranean fever patients and healthy people, collectively amounting to 120 subjects, were selected. The data collection procedure involved using McGill pain questionnaire and Toronto alexithymia scale as the instruments. To analyze the data, Manova and Post hoc tests were conducted. The results indicated that there is a meaningful difference in the perception of pain and alexithymia between people with rheumatoid arthritis, familial Mediterranean fever and healthy people. The intensity of pain perception among patients with alexithymia was more than its intensity among patients with familial Mediterranean fever. It can be concluded, therefore, that the disorder of pain perception and alexithymia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever can worsen these diseases and affect their treatment process.
Denaa Adili, Fateme Dehghani-Arani,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
Caregivers of patients with cancer suffer from fatigue and high levels of caregiver burden. This study aimed to determine the level of caregiver burden in relation to the quality of life of breast cancer patients. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in 116 caregivers of breast cancer patients. Data collection instrument included a questionnaire contains caregiver’s burden inventoryand cancer patient's Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30. Among the five subscales of caregiver’s burden, caregivers have the most complaints of lack of time. Among the functional components of patient's quality of life, social dysfunction, role dysfunction, and emotional dysfunction, respectively, show the highest correlation with caregiver’s burden. Among the components of the signs of quality of life, pain, insomnia and fatigue, respectively, show the highest correlation with caregiver’s burden. The patient's social dysfunction explains 19 and the patient's pain explain 17 percent of the variance of caregiver’s burden. There is an inverse relationship between the age of the patient and caregiver burden. Based on the findings, improving the patient's social support network by self-help groups, Pain management courses for patients, providing informational support to caregivers to reduce caregiver burden and subsequently improving patient quality of life could be recommended.
Mansoureh Bahrami, Shahram Vahedi, Yousef Adib, Rahim Badri Gargari,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate effectiveness an antibullying parent management training on Student's Victimization and Cognitive Emotion Regulation. This research was semi-experimental design with pre test-post test design and control group. The statistical population of study was all primary schools city of Karaj in academic year of 96-97 and the statistical sample was one of schools in the 12th district of Karaj was selected by random cluster sampling. Then 36 victim students of the fourth and fifth level were selected using California's bully-victimization questionnaire and Granofsky's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 18 Parents of the experimental group underwent parent management training in 9 sessions of 90 minutes(one session per week). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and analysis of covariance. The findings of the study showed that parent management training had a significant effect on reducing the victimization and improving the emotion regulation of students. This study showed the effectiveness of parent management training on reduceing victimization and improve cognitive emotion regulation in students.
Raheme Salehi, Gholamreza Dehshiri,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
The role of post-traumatic growth has been approved in cancer patients, which can have a positive psychological effect in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between post-traumatic growth with spiritual well-being, subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and hope in cancer patients. Methods: The sample of this research consisted of 225 patients with cancer who were selected by convenience sampling method. The assessment tools have been including the silver lining questionnaire, spiritual well-being scale, well-being index WHO-5 Satisfaction with Life Scale and positive affect and negative affect schedule and hope scale. The results showed that post-traumatic growth has a positive and significant relationship with the variables of psychological well-being, spiritual well-being, subjective well-being and hope. The variables of psychological well-being and existential well-being and the pathway component of hope have a significant role in predicting post-traumatic growth. In general, the results of this study indicate the importance of the post-traumatic growth dimensions in improving the mental status of cancer patients.
Emrah Tajaddini, Firoozeh Sepehrianazar, Esmaeil Soleymani,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
AIDS as a chronic dangerous disease is one of the major causes of mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to compare of looming maladaptive style, negative problem-orientation, interpersonal emotion regulation, emotional processing style, and rejection sensitivity in the patients with AIDS and healthy people. the method of this study was descriptive from its comparative casual types. The population was all of patients with AIDS were referred to health center in the urmia. The Sample was 40 patients with AIDS were referred to health center in the urmia and 40 healthy people were selected by available sampling method. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance and one-way analysis of variance. the results showed that there is significant deference between two groups in the variables of looming maladaptive style, negative problem-orientation, interpersonal emotion regulation, emotional processing styles and rejection sensitivity and patients with AIDS get the higher scores in these variables. it can be concluded that many psychological problems that these patients experience are in part as a result of cognitive, emotional and social factors that have been studied in this study. Then, paying attention to these factors in the etiology and treatment of psychological problems of these patients can be a useful step in the reducing of these problems and improving of mental health in the patients.
Mani Rafiee Ardestani, Hosein Eskandari, Ahmad Borjali, Dr Noorali Farrokhi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
The loss reaction includes variety of the responses such as the bodily, emotional, existential and cognitive reactions. The strength of these responses can vary from the weak transitory emotional reactions to the lifelong strong ones, which can change the life story of the individuals. In this study, the qualitative data gathering on focus groups, the semi-structured interview about the loss experiences, and the life story interview by Mc Adams approach were applied on 21 participants. The phenomenological analysis of the manuscripts of the interviews used to investigate individual’s responses to the loss. Results showed three major clusters that include context of the loss, nature of the loss and the experimenter’s characteristics. In context of the loss, time and the sociocultural background of the loss experience is major themes. Another kinds of thems consisted of nature of the loss cluster includes its type, the obligatory versus the optional loss, and the predictable versus unpredictable loss. Finally, the participant’s characteristics included the life experiences, personality, and knowledge level of participants. Results shows the interactive effect of objective living world which the loss happens as an incident in it and the sobjective living world of the individual who experiences the loss.
Davood Taghvaei, Mohammad Mehdi Jahangiri, Mahsa Bayat,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Organ donation is giving an organ to someone else who needs a transplant. The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits, spiritual intelligence and death anxiety in people with organ donation card and those without it. The research plan is causal-comparative. Using Snowball Sampling method, 148 donors selected as the standard group and 150were selected as peer group according to the criteria of the study using a convenience sampling method. Data were gathered using NEO Personality Inventory, spiritual intelligence, and Templar death anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance and logistic regression. Results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in personality traits, spiritual intelligence and death anxiety. Among the components of personality traits, persons with a donation card received higher score in the component of the agreeableness. They also received higher scores in spiritual intelligence. In contrast, the persons without the donation card received higher scores in the death anxiety. According to the research findings and considering psychological factors, we cannot only encourage people to register for a donation card, but also we can decrease the number of people who would like to annul or cancel their organ donation card.
Batool Ahadi, Fatemeh Moradi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty is a kind of cognitive bias that affects how an individual receives, interprets and reacts to an uncertain situation in the emotional, cognitive and behavioral levels. The purpose of present study was to determine the various factors that influenced the intolerance of uncertainty by using the meta-analysis method and integrating the results of previous research. By using Articles in scientific journals, all the preceding studies conducted across the country during the years 2010-2017 collected and investigated. Eventually 12 eligible studies in the field of intolerance of uncertainty with acceptable methodology including sampling methods and proper statistical validity and reliability and appropriate questionnaires selected. The research tool was the meta-analysis checklist. For this purpose, the researches, which were methodologically accepted, were selected and meta-analyzed. Homogeneous assumptions and emission errors investigated. The coefficient of effect size was evaluated using CMA-2 software. results showed that metacognitive beliefs had the highest effect size, and after that, the highest effects size were related to stress, inability to take action, and negative repeated thoughts, although the effect size of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation was not statistically significant. Therefore, attention to these variables can help to formulate and improve the therapeutic interventions related to intolerance of uncertainty.
Mojgan Agah Herris, Nahid Ramezani, Iman Rafie Manzelat,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory disease that psychological factors could cause or maintain it. The objective of this study was to compare personality traits and perceived anxiety control among individuals with and without psoriasis. Applying a causal-comparative research design, and using convenient sampling method, 260 participants were selected and assigned into two groups (with and without psoriasis). All of them completed the demographic information and NEO Personality Inventory and perceived anxiety control questionnaire. Findings revealed that individuals with psoriasis get the lower score in openness to experiences in comparison to individuals without psoriasis (p<0.05).But, there were no significant differences between two groups in regard to four other personality characteristics. In addition, Individuals without psoriasis got higher scores in the perceived anxiety control and it subscales in comparison to the control group. In according to these findings, having biases in perceiving anxiety control and openness to experience can be a crucial factor in the formation or maintenance of psoriasis.
Ms Masume Bagheri, Ms Elham Arabi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Experience of anger is an indicator of the living conditions of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of anger rumination on the relationship between anger and pain intensity in chronical musculoskeletal pain patients. For this purpose, a sample of 109 chronic musculoskeletal pain patients selected by convenience sampling method. Multidimensional pain questionnaire, multidimensional anger inventory and anger rumination scale used for collecting data. The present study is descriptive-correlation and analysis of data carried using simple correlation coefficient and regression analysis by Baron and Kenny method. Finding showed that anger and all of its dimensions except anger-eliciting situations and anger-out predicted pain intensity. Anger and all of its dimensions predicted anger rumination. In addition, results showed that anger rumination completely mediated the relationship between anger and pain intensity. Furthermore, the mediator role of anger rumination confirmed only for internal dimensions that had a significant relationship with the pain severity, such as anger arousal, hostile outlook and anger-in. However, this mediator role of anger was not confirmed for the dimensions with external nature (such as anger-eliciting situations and anger out), and there was not any significant correlations between pain severity and these dimensions. In general, anger rumination exacerbates the negative effects of anger on the pain severity in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Farzaneh Malekpour, Sayad Ali Marashi, Kiumars Beshlideh,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Migraine headache is one of the most common forms of pain and due to its frequency, it is one of the most important types of headache.The purpose of this study was to identify the precedents and consequences of migraine headaches in a non-clinical population. We selected a set of 310 students as our samples by the use of multi-stage stratified random sampling. We collected Data using questionnaires Migraine Screen, Depression Anxiety Stress, State-Trait Anger Expression, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Fatigue severity scale and Quality of life scale. The results showed that all the coefficients of direct paths between the research variables were statistically significant. On the other hand, based on the results of the study, the indirect relation of anger, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety with the quality of life, depression, and fatigue were significant through migraine mediation. In addition, the relationship between obsessive beliefs, and migraine mediated by obsessive-compulsive disorder. The findings of this study provide a useful framework for identifying the factors affecting the onset of migraine headaches and its consequences.
Mohammad-Naghi Farahani, Hamid Khanipour,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Culture influence psychological phenomena in different ways. In this article, we introduce a framework for studying relationship between culture and psychological phenomena and we presented findings from some cross-cultural studies in this framework. It seems the definition and classification of personality traits, the experience of stress and mental health moderated by culture. The associations between positive and negative affects and mental health was different among Iranian and Swedish culture. In Iranian culture, both kind of affects was associated with mental health, whereas in Swedish culture, only positive affect was associated with mental health. Iranian students more used primary process against stress, whereas Swedish students more used secondary process. In addition, academic stress among Iranian students was less than Swedish students. It could conclude that there were some similarities and differences between Iranian and Swedish culture in personality traits, experience of anxiety, and coping with stress. Therefore, any policy making in global level and designing behavioral change strategies in national level should be influenced by these cultural similarities and differences
Seyed Esmaeil Hosseini, Mohammad Pooyan, Alireza Valizadeh, Alireza Moradi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2019)
Abstract
Studying major depressive disorders and related factors is necessary to understand the nature of this disorder and to formulate more effective therapeutic strategies. Approximate duration of one episode of major depressive disorder is averagely between 3 to 12 months; however, in chronic types, the ratio would be prolonged to 24 months. The aime of this research which performed through second-order dynamic model was to investigate the effectiveness of antidepressants and third wave cognitive-behavioral therapies on the duration of any episode of major depressive disorder. Through MATLAB programming and changing the model parameters, we investigate the effectiveness of treatments on duration of episode in major depressive disorder. The average age of any participants were considered 64 years old. Outcomes before and after 14 weeks treatment with antidepressants drugs (as imipramine or its equivalent of therapeutic services) and psychotherapies (included mindfulness-based acceptance and commitment therapty [ACT] and dialectical behavior therapy [DBT]) were obtained. According to the findings, for most of people suffering from major depressive disorder, relapses are prevalent phenomena. Depression relapse time durations have been 144, 71, 68, and 59 months respectively under following conditions: receiving no treatment; receiving untidepressants; receiving dialectical behavior therapy; and, receiving a combination of antidepressants and dialectical behavior therapy. The results from dynamic modeling showed that combined method of ACT, DBT, and using antidepressant (or its equivalant) drugs provides better outcomes in treatment for depression and relapse prevention. This combined method reduced the duration of recovery from depression by 10 months.
Javad Karimi, Atefe Homayouni, Fereshteh Homayouni,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2019)
Abstract
Hypochondriasis or health anxiety disorder is characterized by abundant anxiety and fear about having a serious illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance with health anxiety. The population included all students of Malayer University, from whom 388 students (138 males and 250 females) were selected through convenient sampling method. Data were gathered using Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI-3), acceptance and action questionnaire, and Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (stepwise method). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between dimensions of anxiety Sensitivity and experiential avoidance with health anxiety. Moreover, Multiple regression analysis results revealed that anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance were able to predict health anxiety, respectively.These variables can predict 24 percentages of the total variance of health anxiety. Based on these findings, anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance are capable to predict health anxiety. It could be concluded that reducing anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance could be one of the main mechanism for reducing the health anxiety.
