Showing 465 results for Type of Study: Research
Hamid Khanipour, Reza Azimi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Psychological research in Iran had a unidimensional development and the research programs was influenced by naïve realism and blind positivism. More Recent epistemological tradition like social constructionism and discursive methodologies were ignored in psychological theories and research. The aims of this study were (1) Describing methodological issues in discursive research methods; (2) applying discursive research methods in health psychology. Discourse as a concept is derived from an ontological criticism toward the definition of science based on the objective reality and empiricism. Relying only on the objectivism and empiricism for studying human phenomena is inconsistent with some of the human mind features like intentionality and desire for cognitive consistency. Discursive approaches in health psychology is appropriate for investigating phenomena like noncompliance, representation of illness in patients’ mind and factors affecting in holding responsibility in health-related behaviors. Furthermore, discursive methods could reveal how social discourse and social power could determine the definition of health and responsivity for health related issues. Some of the main analytic methods in discursive methodologies are conversation analysis, identification the discursive performance, finding discursive strategies, and discovering interpretative repertoires. Discursive methodologies could investigate health from the ways of applying language in social context and produce knowledge related to ways people position themselves toward health discourses. So, applying discursive methodologies in health psychology could help health psychologists to find better ways to promote health care and produce novel insights about how clients construct health and illness.
Somayeh Naghavi, Parisa Faraji, Bardia Nemati,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
| In many of heart patients coronary artery bypass surgery is the best choice for treatment. Two types of techniques are used in this type of surgery. One of them is on-pomp surgery and another is off-pomp surgery. Based on some studies, patients experience some complications after surgery, including: depression, anxiety and decreases in cognitive performance. In this study, the patients psychological conditions and memory functioning which is one of cognitive function are described before and after surgery in two groups. Descriptive- comparative method is used. Total of 62 patients participated in this study, convenience Sampling is used. At the first patients one day before and then two months after surgery were evaluated. Depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) and also, Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R) are used. Results showed that patients in both groups had similar preoperative psychological conditions. The groups showed differences in memory function, on-pomp group showed significant decreases in memory functioning after surgery. According to these results, it seems temporary heart failure and use of cardiopulmonary pump device during surgery, leading to a decline in cognitive function. Because of these, should consider some interventions to improve memory function and psychological conditions of cardiac patients that undergoing cardiovascular surgery. |
Mohammad Soltanizadeh, Neda Nemati, Zohreh Latifi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, reliability and validity of Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire in adolescent girls. Using multistage cluster sampling method, 400 female students aged 16-18 years old in Isfahan Secondary School were selected as the sample. Data were collected using Mental Health Questionnaire (Najjarian & Davoodi, 2001), Sexual Identity Questionnaire (Akefi, 2012) and Sexual Discontent and Sexual Identity Scale (Deogracias, 2007). Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and concurrent validity were used for data analysis. Reliability of test-retest and internal consistency were 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. The factor structure of gender dissatisfaction and gender identity scale was investigated using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis and varimax rotation indicated that there were four factors in this scale that explained 63.44% of the total variance and the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed four factor model of There is a good fit. Correlation coefficients indicated that concurrent validity of gender dissatisfaction and gender identity scale with other instruments was desirable. The 27-item scale of gender identity/gender dysphoria has good validity.
Mr Hadi Panahi, Firoozeh Ghazanfari, Simin Gholamrezayee, Masoud Sadeghi, Mohammad-Ali Sepahvandi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a model of generalized anxiety disorder in preschool children in Tehran. The present study was conducted in a qualitative method using a grounded theory approach. 19 child specialists (psychologist / psychiatrist) were selected by purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured and interactive interviews to reach information saturation. MAXQDA version 18.2.0 software was used for data analysis. In open coding, 141 primary codes were obtained, which were categorized into 21 thematic categories based on thematic similarity, in axial coding. In the third stage or selective coding, generalized anxiety disorder was identified as the central or major variable. Understanding the causes of generalized anxiety disorder can help families, therapists, and mental health policy-makers to improve the conditions that cause the disorder.
Fatemeh Mahmoudi, Zohre Khosravi, ژ Mehrangiz Paivastegar, Roshanak Khodabakhsh Pirkalani,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
Recovery is a process by which one promotes health, lives meaningfully, and participates in a community outside the mental health system. Focusing on biotherapeutics and drug therapy has neglected to consider the non-biological factors affecting recovery and planning for its correction. The present study aimed to develop a comprehensive and integrated model for facilitators of recovery in bipolar disorder. This research was a qualitative and grounded theory study. Participants were 31 individuals with ameliorated bipolar disorder who were selected using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected using triangulation method (semi-structured interview, narrative interview and interview with family member). Systematic method of Strauss and Corbin was used for data analysis. The model extracted includes causal conditions, mediators, strategies, and recovery outcomes in people with bipolar disorder. The categories extracted include individual (low sensitivity to stigma disorder, positive attitude, active lifestyle, balanced spirituality, intimacy perception, internal control locus), family (positive family atmosphere and family awareness and participation), and social (social support, Positive image of community, perception of justice, low social stigma, employment and social networks). This finding could be a step towards multidimensional treatment of bipolar disorder and focus on its non-biological aspects.
Mikaya Mahrooz, Mohammad Mahdi Shamsaee, Ruhollah Baratian,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of tolerance training on mental health and adjustment in primary school children. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school children in Gorgan. Out of this population, 170 students completed the Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (CSI-4), Sprafkin et al. (1984) and Dokhanchi Adaptation Questionnaire (1998). Of these, 30 children who achieved a mean score in the tests were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Then life value training sessions were conducted in 9 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses using SPSS 22 software. The results showed that tolerance training improved the fitness and mental health of the statistical sample. Given the content of the intervention, it is suggested that life values such as tolerance be taught in group games to take a fundamental step in improving and promoting children's mental health and adaptability.
Seyed Hossein Seid, Alireza Rajaei, Mahmod Borjali,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
| One of the disabling disorders of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis. Chronic illness, lack of definitive treatment, and involvement of young patients lead to psychological disorders and identity crises. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of behavioral activation group training and anger management group cognitive-behavioral training on identity crisis in patients with multiple sclerosis. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. From the statistical population of which all female patients with multiple sclerosis who were members of Karaj Emam Association, 45 were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each. Experimental group 1 received 10 sessions of behavioral activation training and experimental group 2 received anger management training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group received no intervention. The research tool was Identity Crisis Questionnaire. The identity crisis questionnaire was administered in two stages of pre-test and post-test to collect data on each subject group. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that group training of behavioral activation and group training of anger management with cognitive-behavioral approach resulted in reduction of identity crisis in MS patients (p <0.05). Regarding the effectiveness of the training provided, it can be said that teaching these skills to the patients can be effective in reducing many of their problems and their use in promoting health and creating a positive attitude in Patients' lives are essential. |
Mis Fateme Malekshahi Beiranvand, Mis Roshanak Khodabaksh Pirkalani, Mis Zohreh Khosravi, Mis Farideh Ameri,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of adding death-based intervention to cognitive-behavioral therapy on symptoms of panic and death anxiety among patients with panic disorder. It is also compared with cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder as usual treatment. The research population comprised female patients with panic disorder referred to one of the psychiatric and counseling centers to treat in Qom city in 2019. Due to the limitation of the statistical population, the samples were selected through available sampling technique. The clients were interviewed by the researcher in addition to the psychiatrist's diagnosis. The total number of patients had cooperated in the research were 10, 11 and 9 in the first experimental group , second experimental group and control group, respectively. Templar Death Anxiety Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire were used for gathering information. The collected data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.The results showed that the mean score of death anxiety and panic symptoms for both groups of the post-test and follow-up in death awareness-based intervention were significantly lower in comparison with the cognitive-behavioral and the control groups. According to the research findings, it seems that treatment of panic disorder would be more effective by reducing or eliminating death anxiety simultaneously. In addition, it would be reduced the risk of recurrence.
Ayat Saadattalab, Mostafa Jafari,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
| This study examines the mediator role of spiritual happiness in the relationship between social capital and social support with employee’s resiliency against Covid-19 diseases pandemy during social distance. The research method was descriptive correlational. The study population consisted all of employees (No= 574) in Tehran University Agriculture College, in 1399 spring. 200 employee were selected as a samples by available sampling method. To collect research data questionnaire as Afrooz spiritual happiness, social capital (Nahapiet and Ghoshal), social support (Phillips) and Conner & Davidson resilience was used. Data analysis was done by using structural equation modeling in AMOS And Spss-22 software. The results showed that the research model was very favorable fit with experimental data, and spiritual happiness has mediating role in relation with social capital and social support with employees resiliency in against Corona virus diseases, in the Social distance period. Accordingly, the relationship between the variables of social capital and social support with resilience through spiritual happiness was confirmed in the form of path analysis. Thus, the variable of spiritual happiness showed a facilitating role in the relationship between social capital and social support with resilience. Also, the two social capital and social support variables had a direct and positive effect on employee resilience. Based on the results, it can be concluded that spiritual happiness among employees is the role of facilitator in promoting resilience. This means that the increase in social capital and social support, led to increase of spiritual happiness, and also resilience increased in front of coronavirus disease stress. In order to explain the resiliency in front of the corona disease during social distance social, we can use benefits of social capital and social support benefits to increase spiritual happiness and resilience. |
Hammed Musapur, Javad Changi Ashtiyani, Mohammad Kahrobaei Kalkhuran Alya,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Azam Nourisaeid, Reza Shabahang, Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, Maryam Saeedi, Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
During the COVID-19 epidemic, different individuals experience different levels of anxiety associated with COVID-19, and many of them cite the Internet and online health information. The aim of the present study was to compare the online health information utilization, online shared identity, and online shared information usage in different levels of COVID-19 anxiety. In this causal-comparative study, the statistical population of the study consisted of college students of Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Guilan University during COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. Among them, 387 students were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, Online Health Information Utilization Questionnaire, and Identity Bubble Reinforcement Scale. Considering the high and low total scores of the COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, participants were divided into high-level COVID-19 anxiety (n=100) and low-level COVID-19 anxiety (n=100) groups. The results indicated individuals with high level of COVID-19 anxiety got higher scores in online health information utilization and online shared identity compared to individuals in low-level COVID-19 anxiety group (p <0/01). Admittedly, online shared identity is more prominent in individuals in high-level COVID-19 anxiety group and they rely more on health information available on the Internet.
Parvin Rahmatinejad, Majid Yazdi, Zohreh Khosravi, Fatemeh Shahisadrabadi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Getting a new disease and unknown Covid 19 In addition to the risks to physical health leads to difficult and different psychological experiences due to the specific nature and characteristics of the disease. In addition to physical symptoms patients have a variety of psychological reactions that can act as a barrier to the healing process and increase their suffering during illness. Therefore the present study aims to discover the lived experience of these people to help reduce the suffering of these patients. The study method was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The number of participants was 15 and they were selected by purposeful sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used to gather information. Data analysis was also performed by Colaizzi method. To Trustworthiness and validate the findings were used participants' review and monitoring methods, the researcher's self-observation in the data collection and analysis process and the recording of all their mental presuppositions in advance and their non-consideration in the analysis and review process and recoding of interviews by two other researchers. The research findings included 278 initial codes, which were extracted 6 main themes and 24 sub-themes according to the purpose and question of the research. Death anxiety, the experience of stigma, the experience of ambiguity, the positive emotional experiences, the emotions experienced in relation to family members and the emotions caused by quarantine were the main themes. Painful emotional experiences in these patients can lead to delays and difficulties in the recovery process of these people and in addition to the pain of the disease, it can also impose psychological suffering. Awareness of the disease to reduce the experience of ambiguity, psychological strategies to control death anxiety and social stigma, and strategies to manage the behavior and excitement of family members can be considered in the specific psychological interventions of these patients and reduce negative emotions and possibility better deal with the disease and psychological suffering caused by it.
Afagh Zolfaghari, Tahereh Elahi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationshipbetween children'sanxiety level and children'sawareness of coronavirus based on the healthbelief model and their mothers'anxiety, stress and depression during social distancing period. This correlational study was done on260students of preschool and elementary schools of educational areas in Tehran in 2020 and theirmothers that were selected as available sampling. Data were collected by a self-designed questionnaire of children'sawareness and attitude to coronavirus, Spence Children'sAnxiety Scale (SCAS), and depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-42) in adults.
The results indicated significant relationship of children'sanxiety with anxiety (r = 0.45), stress (r = 0.35) and depression (r = 0.44) of their mothers and level of their awareness ofCorona (r = 0.19) and age (r = 0.14).Also, the results of multiple regression analysis in step-by-step manner showed that anxiety, depression and stress of mothers and children'sawareness of Coronavirus were significant predictors of children'sanxiety (altogether 34%).
According to the results of this research, one of the necessary measures toprotect and improve the mental health of children in critical conditions consequent Coronavirus is parents'training to regulate their negative emotions. It is also important to provide information about coronavirus to children with considering their age and cognitive development.
Abolfazl Hatami Varzaneh, Elham Fathi, Hamid Khanipour, Narges Habibi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
| With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic disease and the social and economic consequences of this pandemic, volunteering and helping activities especially for needy people and the society in crisis developed. The aim of this study was to explore the role of attachment styles, empathy and self-compassion in predicting attitude toward helping during Covid-19 Outbreak in Iranian society. The present study conducted in April and May 2020 in Iran. The study sample (n=348) selected by convenient sampling method. Instruments of this study were the adult attachment scale, self-compassion scale, basic empathy scale, and helping attitude scale. Findings showed that participation of women; employed ones and the 25-35 year old age group were more than men, unemployed ones and other age group. There was significant difference between volunteer and non-volunteer groups in helping attitude, self-judgment, isolation, mindfulness, over-identification and secure attachment style. Correlation coefficients indicated that self-kindness; common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, cognitive empathy and secure attachment had positive significant correlation with helping attitude. In addition, anxious attachment negatively associated with helping attitude. Regression analysis indicated that cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, secure attachment style and mindfulness predicted helping attitude. It can conclude that volunteers for community services during COVID-19 outbreak had positive attitude toward helping and had more secure attachment styles and higher level of self-compassion in comparison to non-volunteers. It seems having strong empathy, secure attachment style and being mindful, are psychological prerequisites for having positive volunteering and helping attitudes. |
Susan Alizadeh Fard, Ahmad Alipour,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
The corona disease epidemic have had different effects on the social and psychological aspects of individuals. Studies show that with spread of disease, the fear of this is also increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and health anxiety with corona phobia in Tehran society. For this purpose, a sample of 430 adult men and women evaluated by health anxiety questionnaire (Salkovskis, 2002), intolerance of uncertainty (Freeston, 1994), and fear of corona (Griffiths & pakpour, 2020) through online recall and via social network. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and path analysis were used. The results showed health anxiety and intolerance were positively and directly correlated with fear of corona. Also, intolerance to uncertainty was indirectly correlated with fear of corona through mediating of health anxiety. These results will have practical implications for controlling and reducing fear of corona and corona phobia. It is suggested that according to these personality and cognitive variables, they should be used to design psychological interventions to maintain and promote the mental health of the community in pandemic corona disease.
Reza Azimi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Coronavirus, like any other disease, initially manifested itself as a biological phenomenon that threatens people's health, but even non-communicable diseases act as a "multidimensional social reality."In this article; First, a review of theoretical literature seeks to criticised "radical constructivism" by a perspective that emphasizes "complex", "stratified " and "social" social reality.
Then, these two approaches will be used to study the coronavirus epidemic (as a problem). Corona acts here as a complex reality in biological, human (Agency) and social dimensions. This is a complex and multifaceted reality, each level of reality has unrecognized, and interconnected causal powers. To this end, we encounter a kind of "complexity of causality " in examining the Corona problem.Each level of reality has unrecognized, related, and interdependent causal powers. Serious shortcomings, in other words, the diminution of social reality to human understanding (epistemological fallacy) will result in nothing but our punishment by reality. The health system has prevailed, and the results have been nothing but "continuous recovery of reality" and the choice of the path of "trial and error" or sometimes confusion in policy-making for society
Mohammd Naghi Farahani,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
The COVID-19 virus pandemic, beginning from late 2019 and its continues presence in 2020 has influenced the entire 8 billion populations of human society, governmental structures and health care systems throughout the world. The highest impact of this virus is on humans, despite their sex, race and cultural background. As a result of its extensive effects, contagious nature and its effect on human's psychological conditions, the term Corona-phobia was introduced. In some countries, the exaggeration and derivatives of this fear have led to public anxiety. Attitude, beliefs and human values can define the state of this phobia in its individual and general sense. Attitude is an evaluation which is built upon facing different matters and can be produced through cognition, emotion, and behavior. It is formed through time and a transformational process and creates beliefs and values, which are not easy to reframe once shaped. On the other hand, personal attitude and beliefs are in constant connection with cultural beliefs. Perhaps in a maximizing condition, it can be assumed that personal beliefs won't last long without cultural beliefs. Therefore, this new pandemic virus can establish different implications and beliefs, governing our deeds in the years to come. This paper is intended to overlook attitudes and beliefs during the coronal virus pandemic, using a theoretical model, and assess the new formation of personal and cultural beliefs under stress and evaluate the expectancy of new conditions during the post-Corona time.
Majid Saffarinia, Soheila Dehkhodaei,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present an exploratory model to express the relationships between a set of factors including personality factors, attachment styles, control source, coping strategies and perceived stress and disease perception in patients with hemophilia, emphasizing the mediating role of social exchange styles. The present study is a correlational study based on path analysis. In order to conduct the study, 450 patients from the Hemophilia Support Centre in Isfahan were randomly selected. The instruments used in this study included the Neo Five Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Hazen and Shaver Attachment Styles Scale, the Rutter Control Scale, the Andler and Parker Stress Coping Questionnaire, the Cohen Perceived Stress Questionnaire, the Disease Perception Questionnaire and the Libman Social Learning Exchange Questionnaire. The results indicated a linear relationship between a group of factors such as neurotic personality traits, responsibility, extraversion and flexibility, two coping styles (emotion-oriented, problem-oriented and avoidance) and a secure attachment style and disease perception. The results also showed personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, pleasantness, flexibility and responsibility), coping styles (avoidance and emotion-oriented), attachment style (safe and unsafe ambivalent) and source of control are related to the perception of disease through the mediating role of social exchange style fairness. Therefore, in order to provide measures to improve the perception of patients with hemophilia, it is necessary to pay special attention to personality traits, coping styles, attachment style, source of control and perceived stress in addition to fair social exchange styles.
Faezeh Bakhshalizadeh Irani, Shahriar Shahidi, Abdolrahim Hazini,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Terminal patients with advanced cancer have important and undeniable concerns as well as worries which may provide valuable information to care providers so that they can act for planning and care improvement based on their needs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological experiences, especially concerns, needs and worries of these patients throughout the disease. In this research, a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach was employed. From amongst all cancer patients receiving palliative care for advanced cancer in Firoozgar hospital and Ala cancer control and prevention centre, eleven patients were chosen according to the targeted sampling method. Data collection was used with a semi-structured interview and data interpretation was done in Collizi method. The results of this study were categorised in five main clusters: “concerns about family and friends”, “socio-economic concerns”, “concerns about oneself”, “concerns regarding hospital staff, environment and medical treatment” and “spiritual and religious concerns” in addition to 34 sub-clusters. Being on the verge of death and diagnosed with cancer causes concerns, worries and needs in different dimensions of a person and their family’s life. If such aspects are neglected, a person’s well-being and quality of life will be disrupted. Recognition and emphasis on patients’ feelings, anxieties and concerns along with taking care of their needs may help them feel at peace and more confident in accepting this difficult situation.
Sara Ghasemzade Barki, Morteza Manteghi, Maryam Mohammadi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
New forms of communication technologies have brought about opportunities and threats, but regarding cultural studies, the former can be increased and the latter can be decreased. In Iran due to lack of information, there are no proper policies in the case of using cyberspace. This leads to unnoticed damage to those who utilise it. Child abuse on cyberspace is an example of not surfing the internet correctly. The main object of conducting this research is a survey on Iranian entrepreneur mothers’ reasons for abusing their children on selected cyberspace platforms such as “Telegram” and “Instagram”. The research method in this qualitative inquiry had a data-based theory. The sample comprised 10 blogger mothers with two to seven-year-old children in different provinces of Iran, who were recuruited voluntarily and were willing to participate in the research. The findings indicated that eight factors affecting child abuse on cyberspace, included an individual’s: 1. mental health, 2. family problems, 3. economic problems, 4. socio-cultural problems, 5. attempts to gain social reputation, 6. attempts to gain economic success, 7. aim to entertain children with social media, and their 8. Aim to make children famous on social media.
