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The aim of this study was to present an exploratory model to express the relationships between a set of factors including personality factors, attachment styles, control source, coping strategies and perceived stress and disease perception in patients with hemophilia, emphasizing the mediating role of social exchange styles. The present study is a correlational study based on path analysis. In order to conduct the study, 450 patients from the Hemophilia Support Centre in Isfahan were randomly selected. The instruments used in this study included the Neo Five Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Hazen and Shaver Attachment Styles Scale, the Rutter Control Scale, the Andler and Parker Stress Coping Questionnaire, the Cohen Perceived Stress Questionnaire, the Disease Perception Questionnaire and the Libman Social Learning Exchange Questionnaire. The results indicated a linear relationship between a group of factors such as neurotic personality traits, responsibility, extraversion and flexibility, two coping styles (emotion-oriented, problem-oriented and avoidance) and a secure attachment style and disease perception. The results also showed personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, pleasantness, flexibility and responsibility), coping styles (avoidance and emotion-oriented), attachment style (safe and unsafe ambivalent) and source of control are related to the perception of disease through the mediating role of social exchange style fairness. Therefore, in order to provide measures to improve the perception of patients with hemophilia, it is necessary to pay special attention to personality traits, coping styles, attachment style, source of control and perceived stress in addition to fair social exchange styles.

One of the main challenges in treating chronic disease is patients' adherence to treatment instructions. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between attachment styles and treatment adherence in patients with chronic disease. The research design was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all patients with diabetes and hypertension in Guilan province in 2020. A sample of 399 people were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected through the Collins and Reed's Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC), and the Modanloo Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire. Data processing was performed using path analysis technique in AMOS-24 software setting and bootstrap analysis in Macro program of Preacher and Hayes (2008). There was a significant direct relationship between adherence to treatment with resilience and secure and avoidant attachment style(p<0.01). However, there was no relationship between adherence to treatment and ambivalent attachment(p>0.05). The fit of the mediator model was improved after deleting the two non-significant paths and it was obtained a good fit by releasing the covariance error between the ambivalent attachment and the secure and avoidant attachment (CFI=1.00, RMSEA=0.086). Bootstrap analysis revealed that resilience mediates the associations between endogenous and exogenous variables. The coefficient of determination in the final model demonstrated that all exogenous and mediating variables predict 21% of the changes in the adherence to treatment. Resilience and attachment pattern are important in patients' adherence to the treatment procedure and it is suggested that skills and strategies for coping with the disease stress and increasing the capacity to adaptive coping to life-threatening conditions be included in the treatment program of patients with chronic diseases.