Mehdi Reza Sarafraz, Hadi Bahrami Ehsan, Ali Reza Zarandi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2011)
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between two holistic constructs of self-awareness, mindfulness and integrative self-knowledge, and their associations with physical, psychological, social and spiritual health problem. To do so, 249 Iranian university students,170 women and 79men,completed following scales: Mindfulness Attention Awareness (Brown & Ryan, 2003), Integrative Self-Knowledge (Ghorbani, Watson & Hargis, 2008), Biopsychosociospiritual inventory (Katerndahl& Oyiriaru, 2007), and Depression Anxiety Stress (Lovibond&Lovibond, 1995). The data showed that these two constructs of self-awareness are negatively associated with all aspects of health. The integrative self-knowledge also predicted all measures of health that are beyond the mindfulness. These results point toward the integrative and temporal nature of self- awareness processes and suggest a need for studying the direction and nature of relation between Self-awareness and health.
Fatemeh Behroozfar, Dr Marjan Al Behbahani,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (12-2025)
Abstract
The present study aimed to predict pain tolerance based on spiritual health and self-control in patients with cancer. Cancer is often accompanied by chronic and debilitating pain, and identifying psychological factors that influence pain tolerance can play a key role in improving patients’ quality of life. Since spiritual health and self-control are fundamental components of psychological adjustment to physical and emotional stress, examining their effects on pain tolerance can provide a new approach for psychological interventions among cancer patients. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all cancer patients who referred to Namazi Hospital in Shiraz in 2024 (N = 260). Based on Morgan’s table, a sample of 150 patients was selected using the available sampling method. The instruments included the Pain Tolerance Questionnaire by Sullivan et al. (1995), the Spiritual Well-Being Scale by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982), and the Self-Control Scale by Tangney (2004). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that both religious well-being and existential well-being positively and significantly predicted pain tolerance. Furthermore, self-control was positively and significantly associated with pain tolerance and contributed significantly to the explained variance. These findings suggest that spiritual health and self-control are important factors in enhancing resilience and psychological adjustment among cancer patients facing pain and suffering, highlighting the need to consider these variables in psychological and clinical care programs.
