SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Editoria

The Analysis of Spatial Discrepancies of Activities (Employment and Unemployment) in Rural Areas

Hassan-ali Faraji-sabokbar

Unemployment is being considered as one of the prominent challenges as far as planner’s world over is concerned. This phenomenon has been the main concern of the Iranian planners as well. The relevant indices indicate changes in unemployment pattern. This study aims to explore and explain the spatial changes pertaining to rural unemployment. The nature of the research method demands the application of t student test. It is based on 1385 and 1390 national survey statistics. As for as the nature of study is concerned, some data combination for extracting needed ratios and indices were done. This study suggests that there exist some spatial inequalities regarding employment and unemployment in rural communities. It further suggests that some corrective measures were done regarding the provision of job opportunities. However, prominent discrepancies still exist. Moreover, there exists some spatial - gender discrepancies in rural areas as far as job opportunities is concerned.

The Locational Analysis and Prioritization of Agricultural Food Processing Industries in Golestan

Ali-reza Khaje-shahkoohi

The creation of new economic opportunities and its subsequent local - regional development is highly associated with industrial activities. Agricultural food processing industries is a very viable economic option namely in prosperous agricultural provinces. In fact, industries associated with agricultural sector are a prerequisite regarding agricultural activities. Indeed, agriculture sector and Industry are closely related through the development of complementary food processing industries, this association in turn will lead to achievement of sustainable development in rural communities. The identification of type of industries and its locational analysis is very important. Golestan province with the endowment of natural resources including ample water resources, pleasant climate and fertile land is being considered as a live agricultural focal point. Some of the produce of the province would directly be consumed or else food industries are supplied with. However, agricultural surplus of the province indicates high potential regarding the development of food processing industries. The research method of this study is based on hierarchical triangle for scoring and weighing the criteria. This is followed by application of ORESTE for prioritizing all of Golestan counties regarding food processing industries using 1390 agricultural statistics. This study suggests that Aliabad and Ramian possess high priority regarding development of these industries.

The Development of Entrepreneurship and its Impact upon Provision of Group and Individual Credit Regarding Agricultural Sector of Zanjan

Behrooz Mohammadi-yeganeh

Accessibility of rural settlers to financial credit facilities is being considered as one of the important factor for development of entrepreneurship in ruralareas. As such, provision of micro credits could be a secured way for absorption of financial capital needed for development of entrepreneurship in rural areas. The allocation of this credit into agricultural sector could facilitate this process. This study aims to investigate the role of economic space needed for entrepreneurship in the analysis of allocation of group as well as individual credit in agricultural sector. The research method has applied as well as descriptive nature. It further deals with documentation; field works (questionnaire and interview) as well as application of descriptive and infernal statistics including K2, Freedman test, and correlation regression. Statistical society is composed of farmer of Ghanibeyghloo (Zanjan) and Khararood (Khodabandeh). This study suggests that an economic space needed for entrepreneurship pertaining to farmer is not in an appropriate state. However, this space pertaining to the receivers of these credits possesses on appropriate situation. Further suggests that those farmers who possess be her economic space for entrepreneurship is less likely to deviate from proper allocation of their provided credits.

The Investigation of the Consequences of Implementation of Targeted Subsidy upon Increase in Production costs of Agricultural Co-operative members of Lenjan

Faramarz Barimani

Agricultural cooperative is being considered as one of the most efficient agricultural system. Awarding subsidy to these bodies is one of the most important government supportive policies. It is argued that through implementation of the targeted subsidy and elimination of production subsidy, farmers affiliated with agricultural co-operatives due to increase in their production costs, become disadvantaged. This study aims to identify the impacts of targeted subsidy upon increase in production costs of members of agricultural co-operative in Lenjan. The research method has descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical society is composed of active agricultural cooperatives in Lenjan with 2809 members. The sample size via Kokrans formula and stratified sampling technique amounted to be 180. SPSS software was applied as well. This study suggests that targeted subsidy policy increase production costs of farmer who is agricultural cooperative member. However, the implementation of this policy does not lead to the reduction of credit and financial resources of the members. Based on ANOVA test, income, level of literacy, and the age of members would not any impact upon the reduction of co-operative costs. However, the history of membership would have impact upon increases in costs.

Feasibility of Ecotourism Development of Rural Communities of Darrehshahr

Mohammad-reza Maleki

Iran taking into account its broad and varied potentials is being considered as one of the major tourism focal point. It is argued that, natural attractions,

virgin landscapes, hospitable climate, all paved the ground for eco-tourism in Darrehshahr located in Ilam province taking into consideration its geographic location and possessing of ample eco-tourism potentials. However, due to many reasons, these opportunities have not been appropriately utilized. This study aims to propose some measures for an appropriate tourism management in Darrehshahr. It furtherer plan to identify, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in specific eco-tourism region. This study deals with strategic participatory planning using SWOT model. In order to prioritize principle strategy, complementary applied quantitative planning was used. This study suggests that despite of all of the tourism potentials, lack of tourism accommodations led to tourists, un-satisfaction. This in turn demands the proposition of some measures including the generation of the relevant infra structures for tourists.

The location analysis of rural waste sanitary Case: Vill of Qaleh Dareh-C in Makoo County

Hamid Jalalian

Environmental protection is being considered as one of the main dimensions of sustainable development. It is argued that other aspects of development directly and indirectly are associated with this issue. The major domains of Iran’s resources are located in rural areas. Thus preservation of these resources is the prime responsibility of rural settlements. Appropriate management and location of analysis regarding rural waste sanitation fields are being considered as prominent measures as far as rural environmental issue is concerned. Many methods and techniques are available for this type of location of analysis. Flexibility and evolutionary nature of ordering weighing average technique (OWA), led to application of this method. Moreover, Fuzzy as well as GIS techniques were used for this type of locational analysis in Vill of Qaleh Dareh-C in Makoo County. This in turn demands selection of 11 indices. The results using different models of OWA were classified in seven classes. This study suggests that taking into account low risk, balance and accuracy issues shown in different maps, OWA is a very good option and is capable of determining 21.5 km2 domains as a prime location for installing west sanitation in the study area.

Study and evaluation of effective factors on improvement of performance of rural production corporations Case: Khorasan Razavi Province

Maryam Hadizadeh Bazaz

Khorasan Razavi Province is among provinces that has established several rural production corporations in recent decades. One of their main tasks of these corporations is to eliminate traditional filed structures and solving problems using new and modern agricultural tools. This paper studies the activities of RPC in Khorasan Razavi Province to achieve this goal. In this regard, performance of RPC in the covered villages of 24 counties has been studied based on 11 of infrastructural services and using variables TOPSIS technique and variable have been compared and ranked. Studies on RPC in Khorasan Razavi Province shows performance level of corporations in giving services to their members is not suitable. Among different counties, Nayshaboor, Torbat-Heydariyeh and Torbat-Jam counties have best performances and Kashmar, Kalat and Zaveh counties have worst performances in giving service to coverall villages. In addition, in this research effective factors on improvement of corporation performances(based on views of experts and corporation managers) in the form of 7 indexes’, have been studied using anthropic method. Based on expert views, state financed supports are the most important functions in exacting infrastructural activities. After that, management aspects, motivation and cooperation of members are effectives.

Effects evaluation of social capital on rural poverty reduction Case: Ghobchagh village in Miyandoab County

Arezoo Anvari

Poverty as a socio-economic issue has unsuitable out ones in rural societies. It is said to be an abstract in the way to rural sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of social capital on rural poverty reduction in rural areas of Ghobchagh village in Miyandoab County. The method of this research is analytical-description. Data collection has performed through documentation and field survey. In doing data analysis, descriptive situational measures (mean, variance, standard deviation) inferential statistics (Spearman correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and path analysis) has been used. Study area is Ghobchagh village in Miyandoab County with 163 sample of household in Cochran’s modified formula. Results shows, a meaning full relationship between rise of social capital elements and reduction of economic poverty of villages. In such a way that all the elements of social capital (trust, participation, unity and social communication) has negative effect on economic poverty reduction of villages. In this between, social unity’s elements value of with 0.598 has the highest effect and trust element (factor) with a value of 0.197 has the lowest effect on reduction in economic poverty in the study area.