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Showing 10 results for Type of Study: Applicable
Miss Seyed Hadi Tayebnia, Miss Sdighe Barniani,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (6-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 47 (6-2024)
Abstract
| Objective: The rural settlement's spatial system comprises two primary elements of structures and functions. Furthermore, the discourse also delves into contemporary factors and forces influencing the settlement system's capabilities and constraints. These factors and forces play a role in the establishment and alteration of the settlement system, encompassing both internal and external influences. The study endeavors to assess the repercussions of unfavorable and erratic structural-functional alterations on the underdevelopment of rural settlements in the central district of Manujan Township. Methods: This research is applied in nature and adopts a descriptive-analytical approach. The study's statistical population consists of 66 settlements in the villages of central Manujan district, with a total population of 49428. Utilizing the Cochran formula, 379 individuals were selected through simple random sampling and proportional representation for questionnaire completion. Statistical tests were conducted using SPSS software. Results: Findings reveal a lack of significant correlation between the structural-functional approach to the settlement system and rural development in central district of Manujan Township. Most rural settlements lack basic services and amenities, leading to instability as identified by Pearson correlation analysis. Significant associations exist between structural-functional changes and developmental deficiencies. Multiple regression results highlight the impact of structural-functional components (independent variable) on residential development levels (dependent variable) within Manujan's Township villages. Conclusions: These components elucidate the residential landscape of central district of Manujan Township. Consequently, research findings indicate the unstable, irregular, and underserved nature of rural settlements in central district of Manujan Township. |
Sajad Amiri, Amirhossein Garakani, Adel Soleimani, Firoozeh Moghiminejad,
Volume 13, Issue 47 (6-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 47 (6-2024)
Abstract
Objective: Integrated rural development planning is the result of a series of different developments in planning, economy, politics and sociology in the last decade, which has become necessary due to globalization and decentralization on a local or regional scale. This type of thinking mechanism planning It is based and problem-oriented and seeks to answer the three basic questions of what, why and how in a people-oriented and place-oriented framework and deals with this issue with integrated rationality. Planning issues and problems have emerged at the national level. The examination and evaluation of the ecosystem within the realm of global studies pertaining to integrated development planning hold significant importance, specifically in light of institutional pluralism, aimed at mitigating disparities in rural areas. Numerous insights can be gleaned from research outcomes and strategies in the realm of development and rural progress. Hence, the primary objective of the present study is to methodically scrutinize the knowledge network concerning integrated development planning by scrutinizing the co-occurrence network of terminologies and collaborative authorship within this domain, in order to uncover patterns of knowledge, origins, and their limitations.
Methods: This research is applied in terms of type, which uses the scientometric approach to review scientific documents. In the current research, the social network analysis method has been used to analyze and explain both vocabulary and authorship of related studies in the entire network. In the initial phase of the methodology, data was retrieved from the Scopus database, followed by stages of refining concepts, and ultimately, the conclusive data was scrutinized utilizing algorithms grounded in social network analysis through VOSviewer software.
Results: The findings revealed that among 93 scholarly works and 191 authors, countries like South Africa, England, and the United States exhibited the highest number of publications, with scholars such as Madziohendila, Van Niekerk, Asha, and Banda receiving notable references. Furthermore, the intellectual cluster associated with Chakwizera demonstrated the highest density within the network. Also, the results of this study showed that researches on integrated development planning have been carried out from different dimensions and in diverse and related ecosystems in such a way that it covers different levels and links from urban to rural spaces. Analysis of word co-occurrence also brought to light 6 distinct research clusters within the scope of integrated development planning studies, focusing on aspects like comprehensiveness, urban planning, local governance, participation, sustainable development, and spatial justice.
Conclusions: The insights garnered from scrutinizing the knowledge network and visualizing its structure in this study could potentially yield significant advancements in adopting a comprehensive, rational, and expert-driven approach to socio-political planning, thereby opening up new avenues for further study and implementation.
Methods: This research is applied in terms of type, which uses the scientometric approach to review scientific documents. In the current research, the social network analysis method has been used to analyze and explain both vocabulary and authorship of related studies in the entire network. In the initial phase of the methodology, data was retrieved from the Scopus database, followed by stages of refining concepts, and ultimately, the conclusive data was scrutinized utilizing algorithms grounded in social network analysis through VOSviewer software.
Results: The findings revealed that among 93 scholarly works and 191 authors, countries like South Africa, England, and the United States exhibited the highest number of publications, with scholars such as Madziohendila, Van Niekerk, Asha, and Banda receiving notable references. Furthermore, the intellectual cluster associated with Chakwizera demonstrated the highest density within the network. Also, the results of this study showed that researches on integrated development planning have been carried out from different dimensions and in diverse and related ecosystems in such a way that it covers different levels and links from urban to rural spaces. Analysis of word co-occurrence also brought to light 6 distinct research clusters within the scope of integrated development planning studies, focusing on aspects like comprehensiveness, urban planning, local governance, participation, sustainable development, and spatial justice.
Conclusions: The insights garnered from scrutinizing the knowledge network and visualizing its structure in this study could potentially yield significant advancements in adopting a comprehensive, rational, and expert-driven approach to socio-political planning, thereby opening up new avenues for further study and implementation.
Shima Amidi, Mojtaba Ghadiri Masoum, Mohammad Amin Khorasani, Zahra Torkashvand,
Volume 13, Issue 48 (9-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 48 (9-2024)
Abstract
Objective: The rural entrepreneurial ecosystem plays a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurship and employment in rural areas. By leveraging entrepreneurship in rural regions, it is possible to address the challenges faced by these areas and create dynamic and innovative economies. Despite favorable climatic, geographic, connectivity, and accessibility conditions, Alborz province has experienced inappropriate economic conditions in its rural areas in recent years, including rising unemployment rates, low economic participation rates, and income disparities between rural and urban households. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the status of the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem in Alborz province as a key economic indicator.
Methods: This research was conducted within a quantitative research methodology. Data collection was carried out through a combination of library research and field surveys, with questionnaires being the primary tool in the field. The statistical population comprised the villages of Alborz province, from which a sample of 33 villages was selected. Using the Cochran formula, a sample size of 380 individuals was determined for completing the questionnaires. For data analysis, statistical tests such as chi-square, one-sample t-test, ANOVA, Duncan’s post hoc test, and Kriging interpolation were employed.
Results: The research findings indicate that the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem in Alborz province is in a suboptimal state. Out of the ten key indicator groups examined, including business indicators, financial indicators, educational indicators, human capital indicators, support indicators, market and customer indicators, social indicators, cultural indicators, infrastructure indicators, and innovation, research, and development indicators, only two groups were found to be in a favorable condition, while the remaining eight groups were in an unfavorable state. Additionally, the geographical distribution of the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem's status varies across the province.
Conclusions: The presence of hard infrastructure such as access to transportation networks and urban centers is insufficient on its own to foster the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Concurrently, the development of soft infrastructure, including financial services, education, various support systems, human and social capital, and research and development, must also be prioritized.
Methods: This research was conducted within a quantitative research methodology. Data collection was carried out through a combination of library research and field surveys, with questionnaires being the primary tool in the field. The statistical population comprised the villages of Alborz province, from which a sample of 33 villages was selected. Using the Cochran formula, a sample size of 380 individuals was determined for completing the questionnaires. For data analysis, statistical tests such as chi-square, one-sample t-test, ANOVA, Duncan’s post hoc test, and Kriging interpolation were employed.
Results: The research findings indicate that the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem in Alborz province is in a suboptimal state. Out of the ten key indicator groups examined, including business indicators, financial indicators, educational indicators, human capital indicators, support indicators, market and customer indicators, social indicators, cultural indicators, infrastructure indicators, and innovation, research, and development indicators, only two groups were found to be in a favorable condition, while the remaining eight groups were in an unfavorable state. Additionally, the geographical distribution of the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem's status varies across the province.
Conclusions: The presence of hard infrastructure such as access to transportation networks and urban centers is insufficient on its own to foster the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Concurrently, the development of soft infrastructure, including financial services, education, various support systems, human and social capital, and research and development, must also be prioritized.
Mohamad Zaheri, Hossein Karimzadeh, Nabiollah Hosseini Shahpariyan,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (12-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 50 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objective: Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in job creation, wealth generation, and economic growth, serving as a key driver of community development. However, the emergence of rural entrepreneurship requires the establishment of a supportive ecosystem that fosters entrepreneurial activities. This study aims to identify the factors affecting rural entrepreneurship development through a meta-analysis approach, utilizing CMA3 software.
Method: This study analyzed all relevant research articles published in Iranian academic journals over the past 12 years. Using keyword-based searches in credible scientific databases, 13 research articles and 2 university dissertations met the inclusion criteria. The final meta-analysis incorporated 11 key factors and 343 variables.
Findings: The results indicate that out of all identified variables:
Method: This study analyzed all relevant research articles published in Iranian academic journals over the past 12 years. Using keyword-based searches in credible scientific databases, 13 research articles and 2 university dissertations met the inclusion criteria. The final meta-analysis incorporated 11 key factors and 343 variables.
Findings: The results indicate that out of all identified variables:
- 175 variables were repeated at least 50 times in different studies.
- 8 variables (16%) had a low effect size (<0.3).
- 37 variables (74%) had a moderate effect size (0.3–0.5).
- 5 variables (10%) had a high effect size (>0.5).
Among the 11 main influencing factors, 7 factors were the most frequently cited:
- Individual Factors (Competitiveness, enthusiasm, and ambiguity tolerance);
- Economic Factors (Production & marketing, access to financial support);
- Social Factors (Place attachment, NGOs, economic security);
- Environmental Factors (Access to land & water, suitable natural conditions);
- Infrastructure Factors (Physical infrastructure, business environment, market access);
- Educational Factors (Entrepreneurial training);
- Institutional Factors (Institution-building, media coverage, entrepreneurship laws).
Conclusions: The meta-analysis approach highlights that rural entrepreneurship is shaped by multiple interrelated factors. This study integrates findings from diverse research to prioritize key influencing factors based on effect size, leading to the development of a comprehensive rural entrepreneurship model.
Mahdi Saravani, Hossein Amiri, Mohammad Hossein Karim,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (12-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 50 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine price transmission dynamics and assess the extent of price transmission between wholesale and retail levels in the seafood market.
Methods: The study employs the bivariate GARCH model and the Houck model to analyze the symmetry and asymmetry of price transmission in selected seafood markets, including trout, silver pomfret, common carp, white pomfret, anchovy, croaker, cold-water fish, warm-water fish, and shrimp. The analysis is based on monthly data from 2011 to 2019.
Findings: The results indicate that the hypothesis of symmetric price transmission is only confirmed in the short term for silver pomfret and croaker, while it is rejected for other products. Conversely, in the long term, the hypothesis of asymmetric price transmission is confirmed for trout, silver pomfret, and croaker but rejected for the other seafood products. Additionally, for trout, silver pomfret, and croaker, the short-term price transmission elasticity is higher than the long-term elasticity, suggesting that price changes are fully transmitted from the wholesale to the retail level. However, for anchovy, common carp, white pomfret, and shrimp, short-term price transmission elasticity is lower than long-term elasticity, aligning with findings from the Reziti model.
Conclusion: It is recommended that relevant authorities take measures to protect both producers and consumers by supporting existing sales cooperatives. This can be achieved through proper cultural promotion, training, and providing necessary facilities to facilitate timely purchasing and direct distribution of seafood products to consumers. Such actions would not only help stabilize market prices but also create export opportunities and prevent excessive market margins and price fluctuations.
Methods: The study employs the bivariate GARCH model and the Houck model to analyze the symmetry and asymmetry of price transmission in selected seafood markets, including trout, silver pomfret, common carp, white pomfret, anchovy, croaker, cold-water fish, warm-water fish, and shrimp. The analysis is based on monthly data from 2011 to 2019.
Findings: The results indicate that the hypothesis of symmetric price transmission is only confirmed in the short term for silver pomfret and croaker, while it is rejected for other products. Conversely, in the long term, the hypothesis of asymmetric price transmission is confirmed for trout, silver pomfret, and croaker but rejected for the other seafood products. Additionally, for trout, silver pomfret, and croaker, the short-term price transmission elasticity is higher than the long-term elasticity, suggesting that price changes are fully transmitted from the wholesale to the retail level. However, for anchovy, common carp, white pomfret, and shrimp, short-term price transmission elasticity is lower than long-term elasticity, aligning with findings from the Reziti model.
Conclusion: It is recommended that relevant authorities take measures to protect both producers and consumers by supporting existing sales cooperatives. This can be achieved through proper cultural promotion, training, and providing necessary facilities to facilitate timely purchasing and direct distribution of seafood products to consumers. Such actions would not only help stabilize market prices but also create export opportunities and prevent excessive market margins and price fluctuations.
Saadi Mohammadi, Farzad Vaisi, Kioumars Khodapanah, Zhian Danshvar,
Volume 14, Issue 51 (6-2025)
Volume 14, Issue 51 (6-2025)
Abstract
Objective: Recognizing that resolving any problem necessitates strategic planning, this applied research was conducted in the rural border regions of Marivan County. Its primary objective is to contribute to economic diversification in these rural communities by formulating a flexible, forward-looking strategic plan aimed at attracting capital investments.
Methods: The research employed a mixed-methods approach. The theoretical component was developed using documentary analysis, while the practical component was carried out through a survey methodology, including interviews, questionnaires, and field observations. The study adopts a qualitative approach, primarily based on interviews and the Delphi method. Through collaboration with a Delphi expert panel, a strategic plan was designed to facilitate economic diversification via capital attraction and the development of micro-enterprises. The study population consisted of 24 purposefully selected individuals, including regional development officials, subject-matter experts, micro-business owners, and local managers.
Results: The analysis identified eight internal strengths versus eighteen internal weaknesses, along with six external opportunities versus nine external threats related to fostering a diversified economic environment and favorable business climate through capital attraction in the studied rural areas. The intersection of internal factor weights (3.40) with external factor weights (2.49) positioned the study area within a conservative strategic posture.
Conclusions: The results suggest that a conservative strategy is the most appropriate model for capital attraction aimed at economic diversification in the region. This approach necessitates a critical reassessment and revision of current policies, programs, and actions to address the existing suboptimal business environment. Furthermore, the long-term outlook—over a 15-year horizon—indicates that, given its capabilities and potential, the region could emerge as a leading center for cross-border trade, specialized agriculture, micro-industrial production, and rural tourism within Kurdistan Province, in competition with other counties in the region.
Mohammad Hossein Zarei Abyaneh, Mohammad Salmani, Mojtaba Ghadiri Masoum, Alireza Darban Astane, Zahra Torkashvand,
Volume 14, Issue 51 (6-2025)
Volume 14, Issue 51 (6-2025)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research is to spatially analyze the economic impacts of reverse migration in rural areas, focusing on Natanz County.
Methods: This study employed a survey-based research method. A sample of 381 individuals was selected from 24 villages in Natanz County using stratified sampling and Cochran’s formula. Data were collected through literature reviews, field observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. For data analysis, one-sample T-tests and Kriging interpolation in ArcGIS software were used.
Results: In terms of investment, the southern half of Natanz County—especially the villages of Ooreh and Goodarzan—showed higher levels of investment, with a mean score of 3.75. For infrastructure development, the central and southern areas had the highest levels, with mean scores of 4.8 and 4.0 respectively. Regarding demand for services, the highest scores were observed in both the northern and parts of the southern villages (mean score: 4), while the eastern and western regions showed the lowest levels of development in this regard (mean score: 2.47). In terms of income generation, the southern villages had a higher average score (3.5) than their northern counterparts.
Conclusions: Given the attractiveness of certain villages in Natanz County—especially those with advantages such as proximity and easy access to urban centers, closeness to tourism hubs, suitable elevation, and moderate climate—a substantial wave of migration to these areas seems likely in the future.
Mahmoud Mohammad Ghasemi, Ahmad Ghasemi, Mohammad Elias Karim,
Volume 14, Issue 52 (9-2025)
Volume 14, Issue 52 (9-2025)
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluates the economic performance of newly introduced tropical forage varieties, including alfalfa, in the rural regions of Sistan, specifically in Molla Hossein village of Zahak County and Molla Ebrahim village of Hamun County, during the two agricultural years 2021–2023.
Methods: The research is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature. The economic evaluation of the new forage varieties was first conducted using financial analysis, followed by economic engineering techniques and standard criteria such as Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR). Finally, a multi-criteria decision-making technique based on the Grey System was employed from the perspective of local farmers.
Results: Results revealed that the NPV of the new tropical forage varieties was 1,023,516 IRR higher in financial analysis compared with economic analysis. Furthermore, the BCR of alfalfa varieties Omid, Baghdadi, and the locally purified Zabol line was 3.87, 3.89, 5.37, 4.7, and 3.89, respectively. The positive benefit–cost ratios confirm their economic feasibility and potential to enhance crop diversification and household income. In terms of average forage yield, the Omid variety ranked first, with fresh and dry forage yields of 107.589 t/ha and 28.323 t/ha, respectively. It was followed by Baghdadi (103.513 t/ha fresh; 26.419 t/ha dry) and the locally purified Zabol line (102.463 t/ha fresh; 27.322 t/ha dry). From the farmers’ perspective, multi-criteria decision-making analysis indicated that the most influential criteria in prioritizing forage cultivation were: increased productivity and irrigation efficiency, drought resistance, higher income generation, improved quality of life, rural retention, and enhanced employment.
Conclusions: Given the results obtained under the hot and arid experimental conditions, a significant portion of Sistan’s agricultural lands and similar agro-climatic regions can be allocated to alfalfa cultivation, particularly the Omid, Baghdadi, and the locally purified Zabol line varieties. Such an initiative would contribute substantially to crop diversification, income enhancement, and rural employment creation.
Mojgan Ahmadi Chegeni, Mehdi Rahimian, Rezvan Ghanbari Movahhed, Saeed Gholamrezaei, Homa Molavi ,
Volume 14, Issue 52 (9-2025)
Volume 14, Issue 52 (9-2025)
Abstract
Objective: Shifting cultivation from high-water-demand crops to those requiring less water is considered an effective adaptation strategy to water scarcity and drought, enabling the continuation of agricultural activities without abandonment. Implementing such a cropping change mechanism requires not only technical, supportive, and legal measures but also psychological interventions through the study of farmers’ behaviors and behavioral intentions regarding crop pattern change. This study aims to examine the behavioral intentions of irrigated wheat farmers toward cultivating low-water-demand crops using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB).
Methods: The statistical population comprised 711 irrigated wheat farmers in Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a sample size of 250 farmers was determined. Participants were selected through a combination of stratified proportional allocation and convenience sampling. Data were collected via a researcher-designed questionnaire. Content validity was established through expert review by university professors and specialists from the Agricultural Jihad Water Affairs Department, with subsequent revisions implemented. Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for all constructs, ranging from 0.78 to 0.93. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 4.
Results: Results indicated that all hypotheses were supported except for the effects of descriptive norms and risk perception on behavioral intention. The ETPB variables explained 44.8% of the variance in farmers’ behavioral intention. Farmers with higher incomes and larger landholdings showed greater willingness to shift from traditional crops to low-water-demand crops. No significant relationship was found between education level and willingness to change cropping patterns. A significant negative relationship between willingness to change and both age and farming experience suggests that older farmers are generally more risk-averse and less receptive to change compared to younger farmers.
Conclusions: Recommended strategies include establishing demonstration farms for low-water-demand crops such as saffron and medicinal plants suitable for local climatic conditions with the participation of progressive farmers; leveraging public media, social networks, and digital platforms; providing comprehensive support for low-water-demand cultivation through input supply, machinery, training, and advisory services during planting, growing, and harvesting; and preparing educational videos and booklets introducing such crops. These measures aim to encourage adoption among farmers.
Methods: The statistical population comprised 711 irrigated wheat farmers in Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a sample size of 250 farmers was determined. Participants were selected through a combination of stratified proportional allocation and convenience sampling. Data were collected via a researcher-designed questionnaire. Content validity was established through expert review by university professors and specialists from the Agricultural Jihad Water Affairs Department, with subsequent revisions implemented. Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for all constructs, ranging from 0.78 to 0.93. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 4.
Results: Results indicated that all hypotheses were supported except for the effects of descriptive norms and risk perception on behavioral intention. The ETPB variables explained 44.8% of the variance in farmers’ behavioral intention. Farmers with higher incomes and larger landholdings showed greater willingness to shift from traditional crops to low-water-demand crops. No significant relationship was found between education level and willingness to change cropping patterns. A significant negative relationship between willingness to change and both age and farming experience suggests that older farmers are generally more risk-averse and less receptive to change compared to younger farmers.
Conclusions: Recommended strategies include establishing demonstration farms for low-water-demand crops such as saffron and medicinal plants suitable for local climatic conditions with the participation of progressive farmers; leveraging public media, social networks, and digital platforms; providing comprehensive support for low-water-demand cultivation through input supply, machinery, training, and advisory services during planting, growing, and harvesting; and preparing educational videos and booklets introducing such crops. These measures aim to encourage adoption among farmers.
Morteza Khajevand, Mousa Kamanroudi Kojouri,
Volume 14, Issue 52 (9-2025)
Volume 14, Issue 52 (9-2025)
Abstract
Objective: This study analyzes the factors attracting migrants—predominantly from rural areas—to Abhar, focusing on economic opportunities, improved living conditions, and access to suitable employment. It also examines the socio-economic and cultural impacts of migration on the city’s infrastructure and local communities.
Methods: The research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach with an applied purpose. The statistical population comprises 34887 households (household heads) residing in Abhar, from which a sample of 380 households was determined using Cochran’s formula. Data, both quantitative and qualitative, were collected through library–documentary research and field methods (interviews and questionnaires) using systematic random sampling. The study covers the period from 1956 to 2021. Data analysis employed SPSS software, multiple regression analysis, and spatial data processing through Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Results: Results show that 57.63% of migrants to Abhar originated from rural areas, while 42.37% came from urban areas. The highest proportion of migrants came from within Abhar County (47.63%), and the lowest from Soltaniyeh (1.58%). Economic factors (β = 0.49) were the strongest predictors of migration, while recreational–tourism factors (β = 0.23) had the least impact.
Conclusions: The main drivers of migration to Abhar include economic opportunities, healthcare services, natural resources, infrastructure, education, and socio-cultural amenities. Migration flows are predominantly from within Abhar County, adjacent areas of Zanjan Province, and nearby counties, indicating a high concentration of development in Abhar. Given the ongoing centralization of resources and opportunities, migration is expected to continue rising, further exacerbating regional disparities. The study recommends reducing these disparities by distributing employment opportunities, services, and resources more evenly between Abhar and surrounding rural areas.
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