Showing 126 results for Development
Ms Aza N, Dr Vahid Riyahi, Dr Farhad Azizpour, Dr Hamid Jalaliyan,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to identify spatial processes affecting the development of rural entrepreneurship in order to identify existing and emerging theoretical perspectives. The research method in the current study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, it is a combination of systematic review and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is articles extracted from magazines related to the field of rural entrepreneurship and geography in valid databases. The research population is 113 articles over a period of 22 years from 2000-2023. In the next step, irrelevant articles were removed by screening and finally, 38 Latin scientific articles were analyzed as the research community from the total of studies. For analysis, open, axial and selective coding was used in the software environment (Atlas Ti). Also, the opinions of 5 experts have been used for validation. The research findings included 212 primary codes that were conceptualized in 26 categories and four dimensions and one component (social-spatial). Examining the time distribution of the articles showed that the first articles were published in 2007 and remained stagnant until 2014, and after that, there was an increasing trend until now. Such thematic distribution of articles have been published in social, spatial and economic fields, respectively. The research results showed that rural entrepreneurship is strongly influenced by spatial factors. These studies have been affected by the conceptual evolution of space literature and at the same time as the conceptual evolution of this discourse, its proposed components have also changed and changed from a traditional perspective to a socio-spatial concept. Therefore, space acts as a platform for social interactions and plays an important role in the formation of social and spatial networks that affect the development of rural entrepreneurship
Dr Moslem Ghasemi, Dr Saeedeh Fakhari, Ehsan Jafari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
“Sustainable tourism development requires the identification of effective factors at various levels, especially at the local level. This study aims to identify key local drivers influencing tourism development in Ferdows County shortly (2014), adopting a futures studies approach. The research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of methodology. The statistical population consisted of tourism experts and managers in Ferdows County, from which a sample of 30 individuals was selected using the snowball sampling technique and theoretical saturation. Data were collected through structured interviews and a future cross-impact questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using the structural-interpretive modeling approach (MICMAC analysis) via MICMAC software. Findings revealed that among the 15 identified local drivers, the most influential key internal (local) drivers of tourism development in Ferdows County by the year 1414 include: Enhancing social security at the destination and tourist attractions (+15), Promotion and preservation of indigenous handicrafts (+11), Development of local tourism infrastructure (+7), Branding and marketing of local tourism products (+7), Conservation of historical potentials and local cultural heritage (+5), Investment and financial resource allocation for tourism (+1). The innovation of this study, compared to previous research, lies in its application of a futures studies approach to evaluate both local (internal) and supralocal drivers influencing tourism development within a comprehensive framework
Kiomars Khodapanah, Sadi Mohammadi, Asadolah Hidari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
Objective: Agricultural tourism can create a new communication space and utilize existing resources in rural areas, not only strengthening the local economy but also providing a means to protect agricultural lands against the encroachment of large retailers and global food chains. Given the importance of this topic, the present study aims to examine the factors influencing the development of agricultural tourism in the rural areas of the central district of Ardabil County.
Research Methodology: This research is applied in terms of its objective and falls under descriptive-analytical studies in terms of its nature and method. Data collection was conducted through both library and field methods. The statistical population included heads of households benefiting from agricultural lands. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. The sample size was estimated at 380 individuals using Cochran’s formula, and simple random sampling was conducted in each village.
Research Findings: A total of 67 components were used to examine the topic, of which seven components were removed from the model due to insufficient adequacy. The results of the initial evaluation of the measurement model indicate that the model is appropriate. The results of the structural model reveal a significant structural relationship between the development of agricultural tourism and the factors influencing it. The findings show that the highest factor loading is associated with the components of organizing cultural-recreational festivals, improving street lighting, diversifying crop patterns, and product branding. The highest t-value of 43.961 in the structural model pertains to the relationship between agricultural tourism development and socio-cultural factors.
Dr. Kiumars Zarafshani, - , Dr. ,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
Objective: Saffron is a drought-resistant plant that is being developed as an alternative crop in the Javanroud region. Given the novelty of this crop in the study area, the aim of this study is to assesss the development of saffron cultivation in Javanroud Township.
Methods: This study uses a mix-method design (qualitative-quantitative) and a case study research method. The study population included all saffron growers and agricultural experts in Javanroud township, which were interviewed using a purposive sampling method with 16 saffron growers and 10 experts. The data were collected through semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SWOT analysis. Finally, using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the most appropriate strategies for developing saffron cultivation in the Javanroud region were selected.
Results: Based on the results, 7 categories were identified for the strengths of saffron cultivation development, including "the possibility of a family-based production process" and "the existence of appropriate saffron production capacities in the region". Also, 7 categories of weaknesses were identified, such as "non-acceptance of saffron as a cultivation pattern" and "bulk sales and lack of appropriate packaging". The identified opportunities for saffron cultivation development were 4 categories, the most important of which were "compatibility of saffron cultivation with the regional climate" and "access to wide markets for major saffron growers". Among the important threats to saffron cultivation development, "limited market" and "lack of sufficient inputs and equipment for saffron cultivation by the Agricultural Jihad Organization" were identified. Finally, the appropriate strategy for the development of saffron cultivation in Javanroud County was the offensive strategy (SO).
Conclusions: The implication of this study can help officials in the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kermanshah province and Javanroud township to use appropriate strategies to develop saffron cultivation.
Dr Fatemeh Ghorbani Piralidehi, Dr Somayeh Shirzadi Laskookalayeh, Mrs Fatemeh Farhadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
Objective: Farming of native poultry at the village level will provide entrepreneurship and employment for rural women, provide needed protein, improve rural income and sustainable rural development. Despite the benefits of native poultry, the acceptance of this rural activity has not received much attention. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting of native poultry farming among villagers in Mazandaran province can provide grounds for improving the villagers' willingness to carry out this native activity.
Methods: The present study is quantitative and descriptive-survey. The statistical population is the total number of native poultry farmers in Mazandaran province, 64725 people. Multi-stage sampling method was used to select the sample. 382 native poultry farmers were randomly selected as samples. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by asking experts and the reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Results: Personal-professional factors and social-environmental factors explain 73% of the changes in perceived usefulness and 36% of the changes in perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explain a total of 74% of the changes in behavioral intention, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention explain about 64% of the changes in native poultry farming behavior.
Conclusions: The main essence of the proposed model is behavioral intention over behavior, but perceived behavioral control is also an important variable that, along with behavioral intention, affects native poultry farming even more intensely. Increasing the risk-taking power of producers, improving the knowledge and skills of producers, raising public awareness for the consumption of native poultry, expanding the cooperative of native poultry producers, and providing low-interest and targeted bank loans are among the suggestions for the development of native poultry farming in Mazandaran province.
Seyyed Hassan Motiee Langeroudi, Zahra Heydari,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Rural areas taking into consideration their eco-tourism and natural attractions are among the target of tourism activity. With the consideration of low income level of rural communities, tourism is an appropriate alternative regarding job opportunities and promotion of rural financial capabilities. The major objective of this study is to investigate the potential of coastal rural areas of Tonkabon with respect to fishing activity as far as job opportunities and income earning capabilities is concerned. Research method of this study is based on survey technique and questionnaire. This paper carries descriptive as well as analytical approach. Sample size of 100 were extracted. Data were analyzed via SPSS, regression correlation and T and Freedman tests .This paper suggests that the study area possesses high potentials regarding fishing activities. That is, tourists are more interested in fishing activities if the corresponding infrastructures, suitable accommodations were available in advance.
Hassan Afrakhteh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Despite all initiatives and endeavors, Iran’s rural communities are encountering with challenges regarding the achievement of comprehensive development. Space economy is associated with location distribution of economic activities as well as movement and flow of population, goods, services, and capital. These in turn, would have great impact upon the development level of different settlement including towns and countries and their interrelations. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of space economy upon rural development. The study area is Shaft district located in Gilan providence. Data gathering technique is tied to direct observation, interview with local folks as well as filling questionnaire .This is further supported by application of inferential statistics including regression correlation techniques and top SIS model. This study suggests that concentrated social-economic system is associated with imbalanced location of economic activities. It is argued that spatial arrangement of economic activities is major determinant of flow of population, goods, services, and capital and further influence regional development of rural as well as urban nodes. This in turn, would question the qualification of rural
development.
Farshad Momeni,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
The major objective of this paper is to determine the impact of inappropriate planning on economic function and further to explain the link between oil rent and rural development. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical one. However, this analysis is geared toward combination of institutionalized pattern with emphasis on dependency upon marched path and political economy rent. This study suggests that the failure of our policy constitute the major core of the problem. This similarly exemplified itself in different historic periods with or without dependency upon oil. This paper further tries to propose some
suggestions and recommendations in order to get out of this political failure phenomena.
Mojtaba Ghadirimasoum, Hadi Gharagozloo,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
The construction of industrial towns and regions are being considered as an important strategies regarding rural development. However, Iran is not an exception. It is being argued that by 2010, there exists 335 industrial regions. This in turn, could explain prominent changes associated with rural areas. The research method of this study is based on descriptive- analytical method. 50 out of 139 employed people were extracted. This study further is supported by application of McNamara and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests. This study suggests that there exists signification difference and variation with regard to income, variance in occupations, job satisfaction as well as security, improvement in nutrition and quality of life indices. However, there are not major significant variations regarding community participation, ownership, and rural inertia.
Hamid Jalalian,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Limitation regarding water resource along with skyrocketing population growth and its subsequent agricultural production consumption, demand more attention with respect to rational methods of water use and as well as improvement in irrigation system. This in turn will lead to provision of ample water resource and increase in agricultural crops as well as helping the country’s economy. Taking into consideration that agriculture is being consideration as major economic sector in rural areas, thus increase in production level along with decrease in its relevant costs could play a prominent role in social and economic trends of rural areas. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of practice of under pressure irrigation system on agriculture status of Khodabandeh County. The research method is based on descriptive – analytical as well as surveymethods. The population is composed of 800 of family households in Khodabandeh in 2011-2010 in which 168 were extracted via Kokrans formula and random sampling technique. This study more specifically deals with questionnaire which its viability was proven by extension agricultural experts. According to Chrombakhs reliability is amounted to be 0.79. This study further supported by SPSS software. This paper suggests that the implication of this irrigation system leads to some economic, social, and environmental impacts on agricultural situation of the study area. It is argued that according to T test with 99% confidence level, there exists significant difference with regard to per capita yield as well as provision of job opportunities comparing with past, that is prior to new irrigation system. Moreover, according to principle component analysis, economic, environment, agricultural inputs, and social factors with 17.261, 16.262, 14.729, 12.201 respectively are capable of explaining 60.45% of all variations.
Ahmad Farahani, Falsoliman Mahmod, Mohamad Hajipour, Nahid Haghdost, Morteza Felezi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Nowadays information technology indices are being concerned as measures of development. This in turn will lead to many advantages’ in different areas
for the evolved party. However, rural development is responsible for social and cultural changes. These could be exemplified itself in increase in job opportunities and rural income, improvement in nutrition’s standards as well as educational and sanitation-medical status. The provision of these them could prevent irrational rural urban migration. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of information technology on job opportunities, self employed phenomena, job skill, relevant general knowledge’s, specialized knowledge’s, and last but not least rural urban migration. This study is composed of all rural settlers between 15-30 age brackets living in southern Khorasan villages which are exposed with ICT services the sampling technique was based on regular clustering. As such 386 were selected. The research method is composed of descriptive and in feral statistics. It is further supported by filling questionnaire. This study suggests that the targets of information technology are predominately young. In addition, there exists significant variation and differences between the level of information technologies acceptance and improvement in general and specialized rural knowledge’s as well as self employed and increase in job skills.
Khadijeh Javanii, Esmail Karami Dehkardi, Hosin Farahani,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Agricultural sustainability is being undoubtly considered as one of the most prominrnt sector of sustainable development. Bala Velayats settlers Torbate Heydareeyeh basically rely on orchard economy and more specifically on Safran for their livelihoods. This crop originally was cultivated in Khorasan this in turn requier special attention regardinng the sustainability issue. This paper aims to emphasis on social – economic sustainability regardingSafarans production. The research method of this study is based on both field works and documentary method. It is further supported by regression correlation analysis as a part of data gathering procedures, questionnaire were distributed among rural key and influential persons (Dehyaran) as well as 227 of peasants extracted out of 20 villages. This study suggests that the economic status of the peasants, their low income, price fluctuation of Safran, non-assured prices of Safran, lack of appropriate marketing, the high procurement costs, and incapability of government institutions regarding the creation of co-operative institutions responsible for transaction of Safran, all are being considered s major cause of Saran’s economic no sustainability. However, spontaneous community participation and their extravagant desire regarding cultivation of this crop are among sustainability’s elements. This in turn could justify the social sustainably of the villages. This study suggests that there exists a positive and significant correlation between levels of sustainably of this crop and literacy level of the population as an independent variable. This study further suggests that there exist a significant and negative correlation between sustainability of this crop and distance from the town as an independent variable.
Aliakbar Taghiloo, Abdollah Abdollahi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
The present study deals with agricultural development in rural areas as a phenomenon related to urban growth. This study believes in this hypothesis
that urban growth per say would motivate agricultural activities in surrounding rural areas .It aims to investigate the level of agricultural development resulted from rural-urban mutual relationships and interactions. The study area is composed of Azerbaijan major cities along with villages located in their vicinities and their sphere of the influences. Needed data related to livestock as well as orchard and agricultural products obtained from Bureau of census of the province .The level of agricultural development in relation to neighboring cities was determined using topsis model as well as correlation regression and their corresponding coefficients. This study suggests that there exists a significant relationship between size of cities and their corresponding level of agricultural activities in the hinterlands, taking into account the coefficient level (0.825) as well as significant level (95%). This study further supports this fact that 85% of the variation pertaining to the level of the agricultural development in thehinterlands is explained by city size variable.
Jamshid Eynali, Hosin Farahani, Samira Sohrabi Vafa,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Lack of an appropriate utilization regarding factor of production namely land and water resources is among the most important agricultural
challenges .It is argued that land fragmentation consider as a major obstacle in this regard . In fact, land consolidation is said to be a reasonable and applicable solution. The major objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of land consolidation upon the improvement of efficiency regarding the application of factor of production in Khararood, Khodabandeh. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical method as well as documentation and interview with both observation and questionnaires nature. As such, out of 50 plans conducted during past two decades by co operation of 285 agricultural utilizers, 104 were extracted. Data analysis is based on k square, Pearson correlation, non parametric Vilkakson’s statistics, Friedman test and analysis of variance. This study suggests that the number of the consolidated unites are being changed due to implementation of the plan comparing to the prior period .This in turn left drastic changes upon the improvement of efficiency associated with the application of factor of production. However, from the typical agricultural utilizers’ view points, variables, income and costs pertaining to agricultural activities ,with the value of 0.498 and 0.024 have the most and the least impacts upon efficiency respectively.
Amir Saffari,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Nowadays, environmental hazards and waste mismanagement are being considered as one of the fundamental problems in the country .This issue severely shows itself in rural areas. These areas experience some changes in the way of life comparing the past. Therefore, waste management is very important consideration .Environmental pollution and as a result rural health jeopardy issue demands an appropriate waste management program. This study has applied and survey nature. It aims to propose appropriate waste strategies regarding Ojarood Germy in Ardebil province. EFE and IFE matrices were constructed after identification of the environmental factors. This study is based on interview and questionnaires technique .As such, 214 persons were extracted out of statistical society .They were asked to rank the magnitude of each factor. Final score related to internal and external factors were 2.45 and 2.69 respectively that indicate the presence of poor waste management. Taking into consideration the score, this study demands the application of conservative SWOT strategy regarding QSPM. Taking into account the attraction scores, the utilization of the organic matters for the purpose of fertilizer production and its resultant job offer, income and rural sustainability are among the most recommended strategies with high scores.
Ezatallah Ghanavati, Fatemeh Delfani-Goudarzi,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
It is being argued that there will exist high reliance upon agriculture lands and resources as a provider of food for population in coming decades. The increase in urban land, industrial and residential land uses at the expenses of agricultural lands is among the major consequences of population increase. However, the utilization of soil, water, forest and pasture are geared toward extensive and constructive nature. This in turn, dictates the need for the identification of land use capabilities and its allocation to comparable uses. This study aims to determination and evaluation of the environmental characteristics as a prerequisite for optimum agriculture development in Boroojerd. This requires application of 12 indicators as well as the combination of Fuzzy logic and AHP. This study suggests that 38.6% of the study area (658 km2) falls into low compatibility. According to find map, the most appropriate area for agriculture development is located in central part which stretches from north to south.
Seyyed Hassan Moteei-Langroudi, Maryam Rezaeyeh-Azadi,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
Economic outcomes and consequences are among one of the most prominent reasons for tourism planners. Tourism is being considered as major motive as long as the economic development is concerned. Taking into account peasant’s economic status as well as downward trend in agricultural activity and high rate of rural migration, there exists a need regarding an economic alternative complementary with agriculture. This in turn leads to rural sustainable development as well as sustainable livelihood. This is associated with improvement in quality of life and rural satisfaction. Band resort, a tourism destination located in vicinity of Oromee-e taking into consideration its prime location and eco-tourism potentials and its closeness to Oromee-e is capable of attracting many tourists. However, not all of the potentials and capabilities of this resort have been uncovered toward sustainable tourism economy. This study aims to investigate the economic impacts from host community’s point of view. It is based on descriptive and analytical method. Sample size happens to be 300 households extracted out of Band village. Data analysis requires application of non-parametric χ2 and T test. This paper shows that tourism has led to economic impacts including creation of job opportunities, revenue for the peasants. However, increase in land price is among its negative economic
outcome.
Shah-Bakhti Rostami, Mohammad Mirza-Ali,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
Rural conducted plan is being imposed to accomplish rural development. In fact, these plans are regarded as a document for social – economic development at village level. These plans aim to meet all of residential, services and entertainment needs within their time period taking into account village settings as well as the relevant ultra-plans. However, the implementations of these plans face some problems. This world be intensified taking into account unplanned rural development and shortage in corresponding allocated credits. These plans are ordered by Islamic housing institute. However, there exists some regional differences among geographical spaces. This in turn reduces the degree of accuracy of these plans and demand them some modification. The study area is villages of GonbadKavuoos. It further aims to investigate the locational criteria for different land uses pertaining to rural conducted plans. The research method is based on descriptive – analytical approach and it has applied nature as well. It is based on survey technique. This study suggests that locational criterion for these types of plans have been proposed. However, the lack of monitoring during implementation has diverted these plans from their predetermined goals.
Hamid Barghi, Yousef Ghanbari, Mohammad Saeedi,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
Nowadays, rural councils are performing prominent role on rural development. It is argued that the creation of these bodies is among the major measures for organization of community participation regarding rural development. This study aims to investigate the role of rural Islamic council’s as well as the level of community participation upon rural development of Hossainabad in Najafabad. The research method is based on field work as well as questionnaire. It possesses descriptive-analytical nature. Statistical community is composed of two groups including households and member of rural councils. The sample size turns out to be 255 which were extracted by random sampling technique. As such 15 council members were interviewed. This study followed by application of Kolmogorov–Smirnov test in order to assure the normality of average score distribution. This is followed by application of T test in order to evaluate the council function. Comparison between the view points of the households and council members demands application of Mean Whitney U and non-dependent T. This study suggests that there is not a significant variation in rural council performance from economic aspect. However, social rural council performance is more appropriate comparing with their economic status. With respect to cultural aspect, the significance level is less than average. Moreover, the degree of rural community participation is amounted to be little over than average.
Hossein Farahani, Zahra Asdaghi-Saraskanrood, Mehrshad Tulabi-Nejad,
Volume 2, Issue 5 (12-2013)
Abstract
Nowadays, empowerment is being considered as one of the most applicable ways regarding development achievement. This is more applied to vulnerable rural peasants. It is argued that development without empowerment considerations in general namely as far as the rural settlers are concerned is an incomplete concept. Targeted subsidy could be very influential regarding empowerment of the rural settlers which is the main contribution of this paper. The research method has applied as well as analytical and descriptive nature. Data gathering was done through both survey and documentation procedure. It is followed by distributing questionnaire and conduction of personal interviews of household heads. As such, 10 villages (35%) out of 28 villages located in Jaider district of Poldokhtar were selected. Furthermore, 80 households were interviews via random stratified sampling technique. This is followed by application of SPSS and Wilcoxon non-parametric statistical test. This study suggests that there exists positive relationship between the received targeted subsidy and economic empowerment level of the rural settlers. That is one could observe relativity high purchasing power, increase in saving, reduction of poverty and increase in household welfare. However, the reductions in arable land, as well as decrease in agricultural investment level, high inflation and mortgages are among the main important negative impacts.
