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Hamid Shayan, Hamdollah Sojasi Gheidari, Khadija Yazdani Marvi Langari,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (9-2022)
Volume 11, Issue 40 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction
Land size and dispersion are one of the most important reasons for agricultural stagnation in the villages of Iran, which is consequently a pitfall for rural development. Land consolidation programs such as agricultural joint-stock companies are the solutions for transformation in the agricultural sector. The main objective of these plans is to boost agricultural development, improve the living conditions of villagers and get them to stay in rural areas. Nil Abad Agricultural Joint Stock Company has been an important entity in increasing the income of its shareholders and producing agricultural and livestock products, creating employment and preventing the migration of villagers. This company has supported the development and promotion of mechanized agriculture at the county level. Despite the capabilities of this company, no research has been conducted to observe the different aspects of this company in Torbat-Jam and Nilshahr Counties. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate the effects and consequences of economic livelihood and socio-cultural integration of agricultural lands with an emphasis on the performance of Nil-Abad-Torbat-Jam Agricultural Joint Stock Company.
Methodology
The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose. Library and survey methods were used in this research. The population includes households with shares in three villages of Nil-Abad, Safarabad and Pozhegan. The sample size was determined from Cochran's formula with an error of 0.1. One hundred seventy-four households were selected out of 1448 shareholder households. The validity value of the mentioned indicators was obtained in social-cultural (0.685) and economic-livelihood (0.704) dimensions. Finally, in order to investigate the effects and consequences of land consolidation through agricultural joint-stock companies, appropriate tests were carried out in SPSS software.
Discussion and conclusion
The analysis of the components of economic-livelihood effects in the studied area showed that the average of the economic-livelihood dimension is 3.54, and in general, the average of the variable of land consolidation in the form of agricultural joint-stock companies is higher than the average. The analysis of the company's impact according to different age groups, education, occupation, number of household members, income and number of shares showed that the average effect is equal, and there is a significant difference between the groups. The findings confirmed that the most important economic and social effects of the implementation of land consolidation programs in the form of agricultural joint-stock companies are above average. Also, according to the board of directors and shareholders of the company, the lowering of the underground water level and water exploitation without a plan and inappropriate strategic plans by the officials will threaten the economic foundation of these companies and the employment and income of the members. Moreover, the initial members have been increased from 276 people to more than 2000 people, which raised the burden of accountability and their expectations from the managers, and reduced the profit shares compared to the expenditure.
Land size and dispersion are one of the most important reasons for agricultural stagnation in the villages of Iran, which is consequently a pitfall for rural development. Land consolidation programs such as agricultural joint-stock companies are the solutions for transformation in the agricultural sector. The main objective of these plans is to boost agricultural development, improve the living conditions of villagers and get them to stay in rural areas. Nil Abad Agricultural Joint Stock Company has been an important entity in increasing the income of its shareholders and producing agricultural and livestock products, creating employment and preventing the migration of villagers. This company has supported the development and promotion of mechanized agriculture at the county level. Despite the capabilities of this company, no research has been conducted to observe the different aspects of this company in Torbat-Jam and Nilshahr Counties. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate the effects and consequences of economic livelihood and socio-cultural integration of agricultural lands with an emphasis on the performance of Nil-Abad-Torbat-Jam Agricultural Joint Stock Company.
Methodology
The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose. Library and survey methods were used in this research. The population includes households with shares in three villages of Nil-Abad, Safarabad and Pozhegan. The sample size was determined from Cochran's formula with an error of 0.1. One hundred seventy-four households were selected out of 1448 shareholder households. The validity value of the mentioned indicators was obtained in social-cultural (0.685) and economic-livelihood (0.704) dimensions. Finally, in order to investigate the effects and consequences of land consolidation through agricultural joint-stock companies, appropriate tests were carried out in SPSS software.
Discussion and conclusion
The analysis of the components of economic-livelihood effects in the studied area showed that the average of the economic-livelihood dimension is 3.54, and in general, the average of the variable of land consolidation in the form of agricultural joint-stock companies is higher than the average. The analysis of the company's impact according to different age groups, education, occupation, number of household members, income and number of shares showed that the average effect is equal, and there is a significant difference between the groups. The findings confirmed that the most important economic and social effects of the implementation of land consolidation programs in the form of agricultural joint-stock companies are above average. Also, according to the board of directors and shareholders of the company, the lowering of the underground water level and water exploitation without a plan and inappropriate strategic plans by the officials will threaten the economic foundation of these companies and the employment and income of the members. Moreover, the initial members have been increased from 276 people to more than 2000 people, which raised the burden of accountability and their expectations from the managers, and reduced the profit shares compared to the expenditure.
Fazlullah Ismaili, Fatemeh Azizi, Mehdi Khodadad,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (9-2022)
Volume 11, Issue 40 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, we have seen an increase in population and the growth of migrations towards villages around Tehran. The reverse migration towards the suburban villages of Tehran can create a balancing mechanism for the migration of the accumulated labor force. This will require the improvement of the agricultural land and the creation of a social and economic environment for rural dwellers, so it can be reasonable for rural youth to stay in their homeland and make a living.
Therefore, the current research first investigates the indicators of economic stability related to migration, which are income, capital, production, reducing the motivation to work in the agricultural sector, employment, diversification of the rural economy, and then evaluates the effects of migration on these indicators in the studied villages. Understanding the consequences of migration with the aim of limiting its negative effects can help villages with similar conditions. Because of the importance of the issue, especially in metropolitan areas and the necessity of studying it, the current research is based on this central question: "What results and consequences have the arrival of newcomers had in the economic dimension of the villages?
Methodology
The research method in this study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. 360 households out of 9591 households were determined as the sample size based on the Cochran formula. In the qualitative part of the research, using a targeted sampling method, the sample size was 36 people who were interviewed.
Discussion and conclusion
The findings of the research showed that the production indicator with an average of 2.2 and the employment indicator with an average of 4.13 received the highest and lowest impact from employment, respectively. Also, the results of the qualitative findings showed that the low impact of migration on creating employment is compensated by daily trips for work and activities outside the village. The amount of income from the point of view of local residents has been assessed as high and moderate, which is the reason that the local elites mentioned that new sources of income had been created for local residents. It should also be noted that the impact of immigration on capital was evaluated as moderate and low because the arrival of newcomers has led to the capitalization of land and housing, a process that has a negative effect on production due to land use change. For this reason, the production indicator has been affected by migration more than other indicators. The reduction in the amount of production and the variety of products in the villages is actually a decrease in agricultural activities and rurality in the villages around Tehran.
In recent years, we have seen an increase in population and the growth of migrations towards villages around Tehran. The reverse migration towards the suburban villages of Tehran can create a balancing mechanism for the migration of the accumulated labor force. This will require the improvement of the agricultural land and the creation of a social and economic environment for rural dwellers, so it can be reasonable for rural youth to stay in their homeland and make a living.
Therefore, the current research first investigates the indicators of economic stability related to migration, which are income, capital, production, reducing the motivation to work in the agricultural sector, employment, diversification of the rural economy, and then evaluates the effects of migration on these indicators in the studied villages. Understanding the consequences of migration with the aim of limiting its negative effects can help villages with similar conditions. Because of the importance of the issue, especially in metropolitan areas and the necessity of studying it, the current research is based on this central question: "What results and consequences have the arrival of newcomers had in the economic dimension of the villages?
Methodology
The research method in this study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. 360 households out of 9591 households were determined as the sample size based on the Cochran formula. In the qualitative part of the research, using a targeted sampling method, the sample size was 36 people who were interviewed.
Discussion and conclusion
The findings of the research showed that the production indicator with an average of 2.2 and the employment indicator with an average of 4.13 received the highest and lowest impact from employment, respectively. Also, the results of the qualitative findings showed that the low impact of migration on creating employment is compensated by daily trips for work and activities outside the village. The amount of income from the point of view of local residents has been assessed as high and moderate, which is the reason that the local elites mentioned that new sources of income had been created for local residents. It should also be noted that the impact of immigration on capital was evaluated as moderate and low because the arrival of newcomers has led to the capitalization of land and housing, a process that has a negative effect on production due to land use change. For this reason, the production indicator has been affected by migration more than other indicators. The reduction in the amount of production and the variety of products in the villages is actually a decrease in agricultural activities and rurality in the villages around Tehran.
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