Showing 232 results for Rural
Ms Aza N, Dr Vahid Riyahi, Dr Farhad Azizpour, Dr Hamid Jalaliyan,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to identify spatial processes affecting the development of rural entrepreneurship in order to identify existing and emerging theoretical perspectives. The research method in the current study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, it is a combination of systematic review and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is articles extracted from magazines related to the field of rural entrepreneurship and geography in valid databases. The research population is 113 articles over a period of 22 years from 2000-2023. In the next step, irrelevant articles were removed by screening and finally, 38 Latin scientific articles were analyzed as the research community from the total of studies. For analysis, open, axial and selective coding was used in the software environment (Atlas Ti). Also, the opinions of 5 experts have been used for validation. The research findings included 212 primary codes that were conceptualized in 26 categories and four dimensions and one component (social-spatial). Examining the time distribution of the articles showed that the first articles were published in 2007 and remained stagnant until 2014, and after that, there was an increasing trend until now. Such thematic distribution of articles have been published in social, spatial and economic fields, respectively. The research results showed that rural entrepreneurship is strongly influenced by spatial factors. These studies have been affected by the conceptual evolution of space literature and at the same time as the conceptual evolution of this discourse, its proposed components have also changed and changed from a traditional perspective to a socio-spatial concept. Therefore, space acts as a platform for social interactions and plays an important role in the formation of social and spatial networks that affect the development of rural entrepreneurship
Dr | Seyed Hadi Tayebnia1, Dr Ali Izadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
Objective: “Nowadays, most rural areas in developing countries are facing various economic, social and environmental challenges that lead to social isolation of these areas and ultimately to the intensification of poverty. Therefore, the discussion of creative settlements has been raised as a new, very reasonable and powerful idea to get rid of the challenges in most regions of the country. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to examine and present a suitable model for the formation of creative settlements in rural areas at the level of villages in Rashtkhar Township. MethodsThis research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, a suitable model for the formation of creative settlements in rural areas was investigated. For this purpose, first, in addition to documentary studies and initial field visits, a wide range of indicators were determined in accordance with the conditions of the village under study. Then, data collection was carried out based on selected indicators using field observation forms and expert and household questionnaires. Fuzzy data analysis and SPSS software were also used to analyze the data. Results: The research findings confirm that based on the supplementary questionnaire by rural households, the participation component is ranked first with an average of 4.05. On the other hand, the findings show that in 70.3 percent of households, the level of change in the process of forming creative settlement patterns in rural areas has increased compared to the past 10 years, while in 21.2 percent of households surveyed, the level of change in the process of forming creative settlement patterns in rural areas has decreased in this time period.
Masoumeh Rahdar, Sadegh Asghari Lafmejani, Mahmoud Reza Mirlotfi, Mohammad Pirani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
Objective: The Relief Committee, as one of the main social support institutions in Iran, has the mission to empower vulnerable and impoverished households and assist them in breaking free from the cycle of poverty. This study aims to critically assess and analyze the effectiveness of the committee's actions in empowering rural households in Hamoun County, located in the Sistan region. Methods: The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, based on both documentary and field data. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered at two levels: household heads and local experts. The statistical population includes heads of rural households under the coverage of the Relief Committee, from which a sample of 369 households was selected using Cochran’s formula. Data analysis was carried out using the ARAS multi-criteria decision-making technique along with SPSS and ArcGIS software. Results: Findings indicate that among the economic indicators, self-sufficiency and employment loans scored the lowest in effectiveness (with means of 1.08 and 1.23), whereas indicators such as psychological well-being and life satisfaction scored highest in the socio-cultural dimension. Additionally, the Friedman test results revealed significant differences among the various dimensions of empowerment, with the socio-cultural dimension having the highest quality and the economic dimension the lowest. Conclusions: Further analyses identified inadequate oversight and the inefficiency of personnel in implementing targeted programs as key factors contributing to the shortcomings in the Relief Committee’s actions. These findings highlight the need for a strategic revision of implementation policies, specialized staff training, and the strengthening of process-oriented monitoring systems to enhance the impact of empowerment programs in rural areas.
Sajedeh Karimi Kondozi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of artificial intelligence in empowering rural communities by mediating management support in rural areas of Natanz city.
Methods: This study is a descriptive survey of the field branch in terms of data collection and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the present study includes all villagers in Natanz county. The sample size was selected based on the Cochran formula as 371 people. The research tool includes a 30-question questionnaire in three sections: artificial intelligence with 5 questions, empowerment with 19 questions, and management support with 6 questions. Its validity has been examined and confirmed in a face, structural, and content manner, and its reliability has been confirmed based on the Cronbach's formula at 0/86. The collected data were analyzed based on structural equation path analysis in Smart PLS software.
Results: The results showed that artificial intelligence has an impact on empowerment with an impact coefficient of 0.636 and a T value of 12.002, artificial intelligence has an impact on management support with an impact coefficient of 0.392 and a T value of 3.875, and management support has an impact on empowerment with an impact coefficient of 0.332 and a T value of 5.533. Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that artificial intelligence has an impact on empowerment with a mediating role of management support with a T value of 678.7.
Conclusions: Based on the findings, it can be said that artificial intelligence can provide optimal methods for cultivating and harvesting crops through the analyzed data. Using artificial intelligence in educational platforms, distance education is provided for rural people. This technology can be especially useful for adolescents and young people in remote areas who have limited access to educational resources.
Dr Saadi Mohammadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
However, given the numerous weaknesses in the economic, social, environmental-physical, and institutional spheres of rural areas—reflected in the existence of villages and villagers lacking the necessary characteristics for entrepreneurship—it is essential to implement development programs. Among the most important of these, considering the significance of the economic dimension for the sustainability of rural life and livelihoods, is the diversification of the rural economy. This can transform the rural environment into one worthy of activity and the advancement of its inhabitants. This study seeks to examine the effects of this economic diversification on the status of environmental elements and individual characteristics affecting entrepreneurship among villagers in the villages of Marivan County.
This applied research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study, based on its comparative approach, consisted of two groups: villages benefiting from economic diversification and villages lacking such diversification in Marivan County. After identifying the target villages, the sample size was determined using Cochran's method, and questionnaires were distributed through stratified sampling among the villages and simple random sampling among the villagers. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistical tests (Independent T-test and Path Analysis). The findings revealed that the implemented economic diversification has led to a significant difference in the favorability of the status of environmental elements and individual characteristics affecting entrepreneurship between the two studied rural groups. Furthermore, among the environmental factors, the economic index, and among the individual characteristics, the level of motivation, had the greatest impact on improving the entrepreneurial status of the villages due to their responsiveness to the implemented economic diversification.
Dr Fatemeh Ghorbani Piralidehi, Dr Somayeh Shirzadi Laskookalayeh, Mrs Fatemeh Farhadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2026)
Abstract
Objective: Farming of native poultry at the village level will provide entrepreneurship and employment for rural women, provide needed protein, improve rural income and sustainable rural development. Despite the benefits of native poultry, the acceptance of this rural activity has not received much attention. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting of native poultry farming among villagers in Mazandaran province can provide grounds for improving the villagers' willingness to carry out this native activity.
Methods: The present study is quantitative and descriptive-survey. The statistical population is the total number of native poultry farmers in Mazandaran province, 64725 people. Multi-stage sampling method was used to select the sample. 382 native poultry farmers were randomly selected as samples. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by asking experts and the reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Results: Personal-professional factors and social-environmental factors explain 73% of the changes in perceived usefulness and 36% of the changes in perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explain a total of 74% of the changes in behavioral intention, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention explain about 64% of the changes in native poultry farming behavior.
Conclusions: The main essence of the proposed model is behavioral intention over behavior, but perceived behavioral control is also an important variable that, along with behavioral intention, affects native poultry farming even more intensely. Increasing the risk-taking power of producers, improving the knowledge and skills of producers, raising public awareness for the consumption of native poultry, expanding the cooperative of native poultry producers, and providing low-interest and targeted bank loans are among the suggestions for the development of native poultry farming in Mazandaran province.
Seyyed Hassan Motiee Langeroudi, Zahra Heydari,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Rural areas taking into consideration their eco-tourism and natural attractions are among the target of tourism activity. With the consideration of low income level of rural communities, tourism is an appropriate alternative regarding job opportunities and promotion of rural financial capabilities. The major objective of this study is to investigate the potential of coastal rural areas of Tonkabon with respect to fishing activity as far as job opportunities and income earning capabilities is concerned. Research method of this study is based on survey technique and questionnaire. This paper carries descriptive as well as analytical approach. Sample size of 100 were extracted. Data were analyzed via SPSS, regression correlation and T and Freedman tests .This paper suggests that the study area possesses high potentials regarding fishing activities. That is, tourists are more interested in fishing activities if the corresponding infrastructures, suitable accommodations were available in advance.
Hassan Afrakhteh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Despite all initiatives and endeavors, Iran’s rural communities are encountering with challenges regarding the achievement of comprehensive development. Space economy is associated with location distribution of economic activities as well as movement and flow of population, goods, services, and capital. These in turn, would have great impact upon the development level of different settlement including towns and countries and their interrelations. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of space economy upon rural development. The study area is Shaft district located in Gilan providence. Data gathering technique is tied to direct observation, interview with local folks as well as filling questionnaire .This is further supported by application of inferential statistics including regression correlation techniques and top SIS model. This study suggests that concentrated social-economic system is associated with imbalanced location of economic activities. It is argued that spatial arrangement of economic activities is major determinant of flow of population, goods, services, and capital and further influence regional development of rural as well as urban nodes. This in turn, would question the qualification of rural
development.
Farshad Momeni,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
The major objective of this paper is to determine the impact of inappropriate planning on economic function and further to explain the link between oil rent and rural development. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical one. However, this analysis is geared toward combination of institutionalized pattern with emphasis on dependency upon marched path and political economy rent. This study suggests that the failure of our policy constitute the major core of the problem. This similarly exemplified itself in different historic periods with or without dependency upon oil. This paper further tries to propose some
suggestions and recommendations in order to get out of this political failure phenomena.
Framarz Barimani, Zahra Nikmanesh, Sohyla Khodaverdiloo,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
The empowerment of rural women and their involvement in decision making process is being considered as one of the prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. Access to small credit could well facilitate the empowerment mechanism. This study tries to answer the following question: Could access to small credit be influential on economic and psychological empowerment of women? The research method of this study is based on survey technique, filling questionnaire and documentation. The sample of this study is all of the woman of Lakestan Sub-District Salmas out of which 225 were extracted through quota sampling technique. Data were analyzed through application of T test. This paper suggests that access to small amount of credits could have a great impact on rural women's empowerment. That is those who were awarded loan were more capable and possess more self-confidence comparing with the ones who did not receive it.
Hasanali Farajisabokbar,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Spatial distributions of rural settlements in Iran represent an imbalanced nature. The major objective of this study is to investigate the spatial patterns of Iranian rural settlements using certain indicators and indices .It further tries to propose a model regarding the analysis of spatial imbalances. This study further supported by application of modifiable areal unit problem(MAUP) suitable for aggregated data. It consists of both general as well as local scale pertaining to aggregation problem. Chosen area for the purpose of combination represent an arbitrary nature .However; areal units can be meaningful in displaying the same base level data. For the purpose of modeling and selection of basic unit, the hexagonal model long associated with geography is used. The spatial statistical methods were the global measure of Moran's I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association(LISA). While Moran's I provides information on the overall spatial distribution of the data, LISA provides information on types of spatial association at the local level. LISA statistics can also be used to identify influential locations in spatial association analysis. Spatial analysis can identify imbalances with respect to settlement distribution. This study suggests that different indices will hold different results regarding spatial rural imbalances.
Mojtaba Ghadirimasoum, Hadi Gharagozloo,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
The construction of industrial towns and regions are being considered as an important strategies regarding rural development. However, Iran is not an exception. It is being argued that by 2010, there exists 335 industrial regions. This in turn, could explain prominent changes associated with rural areas. The research method of this study is based on descriptive- analytical method. 50 out of 139 employed people were extracted. This study further is supported by application of McNamara and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests. This study suggests that there exists signification difference and variation with regard to income, variance in occupations, job satisfaction as well as security, improvement in nutrition and quality of life indices. However, there are not major significant variations regarding community participation, ownership, and rural inertia.
Mohamadreza Rezvani, Mehrnoush Moradi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Strategic tourism planning is being considered as a way of rural development. It further is a response to Globalization and rural reconstruction. Tourism development requiers systematic comperhensive approach. Rural settlements located in margin of desert area of Mighan, despite of their varied tourism potentials, are very deprived and distressed. The major objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of tourism development and is relevant the system. Sample is composed of tourists, residents, and local managers. Random sampling technique was applied in order to come up with 274, 150, and 30 respectively. This is followed by application of desriptive and inferal statistics including T students. This study suggests that due to a lack of knowledge of tourists as well as tourism marketing, tourism demand regarding, tourism attractiont the study area is very negligble. It further suggests that tourism constituent’s elementsincluding tourism constituents elements including tourism attractions, transportation, infrastructure, and tourism sales and participation are at medium level. However, knowledge level regarding tourism was fairly poor. It is argued that internal tourism potentials as well as external tourism opportunities of the study area are oppropriate. Via appropriate and consolidated tourism planning including marketing, promotion and improvement of tourism infrastructures and superstructures, we could exploit all of the internal strengths as well as external opportunities regarding tourism development.
Hamid Jalalian,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Limitation regarding water resource along with skyrocketing population growth and its subsequent agricultural production consumption, demand more attention with respect to rational methods of water use and as well as improvement in irrigation system. This in turn will lead to provision of ample water resource and increase in agricultural crops as well as helping the country’s economy. Taking into consideration that agriculture is being consideration as major economic sector in rural areas, thus increase in production level along with decrease in its relevant costs could play a prominent role in social and economic trends of rural areas. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of practice of under pressure irrigation system on agriculture status of Khodabandeh County. The research method is based on descriptive – analytical as well as surveymethods. The population is composed of 800 of family households in Khodabandeh in 2011-2010 in which 168 were extracted via Kokrans formula and random sampling technique. This study more specifically deals with questionnaire which its viability was proven by extension agricultural experts. According to Chrombakhs reliability is amounted to be 0.79. This study further supported by SPSS software. This paper suggests that the implication of this irrigation system leads to some economic, social, and environmental impacts on agricultural situation of the study area. It is argued that according to T test with 99% confidence level, there exists significant difference with regard to per capita yield as well as provision of job opportunities comparing with past, that is prior to new irrigation system. Moreover, according to principle component analysis, economic, environment, agricultural inputs, and social factors with 17.261, 16.262, 14.729, 12.201 respectively are capable of explaining 60.45% of all variations.
Aliakbar Anabestani, Mojtaba Rosta,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
At present, agriculture is being considered as a major economic activity in Iranian rural settlments. It provides essential needs of the settlers, creates job opportunities, increases revenue as well as plays a prominent role regarding the peasant household’s economy. However, agriculture by itself is not capabale in reponsding to household livelihood. That is, there exists a need for complementary source of income such as fuel wood production units. The major objective of this study is to investigate the process of forming these producton units and to investigate their existance in Seemacan Fars. The research method is based on analytical – descriptivemethod. This is followed by filling questionnaire by village councils pertaining to 40 villages as well as 249 rural households. This study suggests that emergence of this type of complementary economic unites dated back to 1370. It speeds up in 1380. The majority of these production unites are located in pole be payee and Koshksar, moheet Ab and Ab shoykh. Economically speaking the income of each rural household is 2.5 times of regular, non dependent householdes to this source. Furthermore, there exists a significant relationships between unemployment (r=0.274) and per-capita agriculture land (r=-0.224). It is further suggested that there is a significant correlation between household’s economic status and p revalenceof these production units. The packaging factory and corresponding ::::union:::: and Insurance are highly recommended.
Ahmad Farahani, Falsoliman Mahmod, Mohamad Hajipour, Nahid Haghdost, Morteza Felezi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Nowadays information technology indices are being concerned as measures of development. This in turn will lead to many advantages’ in different areas
for the evolved party. However, rural development is responsible for social and cultural changes. These could be exemplified itself in increase in job opportunities and rural income, improvement in nutrition’s standards as well as educational and sanitation-medical status. The provision of these them could prevent irrational rural urban migration. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of information technology on job opportunities, self employed phenomena, job skill, relevant general knowledge’s, specialized knowledge’s, and last but not least rural urban migration. This study is composed of all rural settlers between 15-30 age brackets living in southern Khorasan villages which are exposed with ICT services the sampling technique was based on regular clustering. As such 386 were selected. The research method is composed of descriptive and in feral statistics. It is further supported by filling questionnaire. This study suggests that the targets of information technology are predominately young. In addition, there exists significant variation and differences between the level of information technologies acceptance and improvement in general and specialized rural knowledge’s as well as self employed and increase in job skills.
Khadijeh Javanii, Esmail Karami Dehkardi, Hosin Farahani,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Agricultural sustainability is being undoubtly considered as one of the most prominrnt sector of sustainable development. Bala Velayats settlers Torbate Heydareeyeh basically rely on orchard economy and more specifically on Safran for their livelihoods. This crop originally was cultivated in Khorasan this in turn requier special attention regardinng the sustainability issue. This paper aims to emphasis on social – economic sustainability regardingSafarans production. The research method of this study is based on both field works and documentary method. It is further supported by regression correlation analysis as a part of data gathering procedures, questionnaire were distributed among rural key and influential persons (Dehyaran) as well as 227 of peasants extracted out of 20 villages. This study suggests that the economic status of the peasants, their low income, price fluctuation of Safran, non-assured prices of Safran, lack of appropriate marketing, the high procurement costs, and incapability of government institutions regarding the creation of co-operative institutions responsible for transaction of Safran, all are being considered s major cause of Saran’s economic no sustainability. However, spontaneous community participation and their extravagant desire regarding cultivation of this crop are among sustainability’s elements. This in turn could justify the social sustainably of the villages. This study suggests that there exists a positive and significant correlation between levels of sustainably of this crop and literacy level of the population as an independent variable. This study further suggests that there exist a significant and negative correlation between sustainability of this crop and distance from the town as an independent variable.
Medi Pourtaheri, Reza Nemati,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Thought the world, rural areas tend to represent similar characteristics. Populations are spatially distributed. Agriculture is being considered as
dominant economic sector. However, this sector as well as rural peoples is encountered with some challenges regarding development. In other word, there exists some limitation as far as the resource mobilization is concerned. Sometimes spatial rural population distribution is such in which it may
impose negative impacts with respect to provision of goads and the relevant services and their corresponding costs. Specific economic conditions of rural areas lead to limited opportunities as opposed to non rural areas. However, during recent years, the nature of rural development experiences great changes many of the rural settlers are directly engaged in non agricultural occupations. This in turn, requires keeping an appropriate balance between the provision of rural settlers needs from one hand and the implication of sustainable rural development on the other hand. This paper exemplifies some of these challenges in central part of Khoramabad. The research method is based on qualitative method. It is further supported by filling questionnaires. The sample sage was 300 pirating to 20 villages. This study further applied T student and SPSS software in order to evaluate economic, environmental, and social aspects of these challenges. This paper suggests that there exists significant difference and variation among social, economic and ecological aspects of rural settlements. However, economic challenges are being these considered prominent rural problems. In turn means that economic further have the most priority from the rural settlers view points.
Mohsen Sartipipour,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Through histroy, the establishment of rural villages has exemplified itself in man-environment interactions. That is ebbs and falls of these settlements are dictated by this sort of reciprocal relationship. Iranian rural settlements indicate the man-land interactions as well. That is the presence of over 70 % of rural population in 1335 proves this fact. However, the thorough reviews on rural architecture in the past show a prominent element of sustainability. This by itself supports this fact physical proportions of rural areas are based on some interrelated components. That is dwellings are the outcome of these interrelations and interactions and multi-faceted components. This study emphasizes on historical variations and contrasts regarding Iranian rural settlements taking into consideration the analysis of rural dewllings architectural elements. The research method is based on descriptive – analytical Methods as well as documentary and statisticalinformation. This study suggests that Iranian rural dewellings fall into four categories including northern, mountainous, central, and southern coastal regions. Physically speaking, rural dwellings pertaining to Guilan, Mazandaran, Hamedan, and Yazd possess higher quality. However, taking into account all measures, Yazd, Isfehan, and Tehran's rural dwellings possess higher comfort as well as welfare levels. Conversely, rural dwellings associated with Sistan and Baluchestan experience the highest and harshest conditions.
Mohamadreza Rezvani, Tahereh Sadeghloo, Hasanali Farajisabokbar, Abdorreza Eftekhri,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Marketing of agricultural products is being considered as one of the most fundamental and important measures for development in rural environments. As such, the identification of responsible factors for marketing of perishable products namely dairy products could facilitate marketing process and as a result diminish the associated problems in local communities. The identification of responsible and influential measures as well as the adjustment of their spatial distribution ,taking into account the temporal constraints and the nature of the products at different stages with regard to both traditional and semi modern producers is a very determinant action . This in turn is associated with time-costs losses issue, cutting the hands of the mediators, decrease in shipping costs in relation to distance decay function, increase in profits and enhancement of economic growth in rural areas. Therefore, the exact determination of responsible factors for facilitating dairy marketing networks as well as their spatial distribution in rural area is a prime objective of rural economic planning at different decision level. This study aims to identify the major responsible factors regarding dairy marketing networks with particular emphasis on geographic factors in Khodabandeh, Zanjan. This study is based on analyticaldescriptive method. It further supports the application of filling questionnaires by experts and analysis of variance. This study suggests that taking into account level of the analysis, functional-behavioral factor would consider as the most prominent factor regarding the dairy marketing network and its corresponding spatial distribution.
