SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

fa برنامه ریزی راهبردی توسعه اشتغال در نواحی روستایی شهرستان جوانرود Employment Strategic Planning in Rural Area of Javanrood پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify; ">هدف از پژوهش کاربردی حاضر که از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است، شناسایی راهبرد و ارائه راهکارهای مؤثر در توسعه اشتغال در نقاط روستایی محروم و بسیار محروم شهرستان جوانرود به لحاظ برخورداری از شاخص های اشتغال است. شهرستانی که طی سه دوره سرشماری اخیر، بیشترین میزان بیکاری را در استان کرمانشاه داشته است. جهت گردآوری داده ها از دو منبع مستندات مرکز آمار کشور و مطالعه میدانی (تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط کارشناسان) استفاده شده است. قلمرو مطالعاتی شامل 57 روستای بالای 20 خانوار شهرستان جوانرود بوده و جهت تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات به ترتیب از تکنیک ای TOPSIS، آنتروپی شانون، تحلیل خوشه ای و SWOT استفاده گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد در بین 57 روستای مورد بررسی حدود 16 درصد (9 روستا) در سطح برخوردار، 40 درصد (23 روستا) در سطح متوسط و 44 درصد (25 روستا) در سطوح محروم و بسیار محروم واقع شده اند. همچنین، نتایج پژوهش در جهت توسعه اشتغال در نقاط روستایی محروم و بسیار محروم شهرستان جوانرود نشان داد، راهبرد تهاجمی (SO) که در آن تکیه اصلی بر نقاط قوت درونی و فرصت های بیرونی است، مناسب ترین راهبرد جهت توسعه اشتغال در روستاهای واقع در دو سطح مذکور است.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Introduction:</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Many scholars believe that the creation of job opportunities is being considered as an </span>important prerequisite for development and growth namely in developing countries. Lack of attention to this make societies step in eroding phase rather than thriving one. This in turn will lead to expansion of poverty. It is argued that achievement of sustainable development could be done through creation of employment in different sectors more specifically industrial and service ones. Based on corresponding statistics Javanrood with unemployment rate of 42.8%, 49.3% and 46.9% in 1375, 1385 and 1390 respectively rank the highest compared with 14 cities located in Kermanshah. This study aims to identify deprived rural areas using combination of different criteria and yardsticks. The authors believe that taking into consideration economic, social and environmental capabilities of the study area; one could propose an appropriate and applied strategy with regard to employment.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Research method:</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">This study based on its nature and objectives possesses applied, descriptive and </span>analytical characters. It deals with documentary as well as survey technique regarding data gathering. The study area is basically composed of 89 villages out of which 57 over 20 households were studied. At first, these villages were prioritized based on chosen indicators and yardsticks corresponding to employment, using TOPSIS technique. Weighing of seven indicators was done by Shannon entropy based on data reference computation. Second phase followed by clustering and grouping the villages into different levels from prosperous to very deprived ones. Clustering analysis and TOPSIS technique led to creation of four groups. Identification of villages based on the level of deprivation and consideration of their capabilities demand preparation of expert questionnaire. This was based on liker five spectrum with level very high (5), high (4), medium (3), low (2) and very low (1). As such 30 questionnaires were compiled. SWOT was applied for proposing appropriate strategy regarding creation of employment in deprived villages.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Discussion and Concluding:</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Provision of appropriate job opportunities in accordance with active population’s </span>interests and potentials is being considered as the prime element and component of development. However, many of this active group did not get a chance to have any job or appropriate one. There exists noticeable difference in terms of unemployment rate in the regions. According to the statistics ,Kermanshah ranks among top five in terms of unemployment rate between 1375 90 .Javanrood possesses the highest rate compared with 14 other cities in Kermanshah. This well justified the degree of discrimination level of Javanrood against job offers during past decades. This demands extra attention regarding employment status. This study suggests that there exist a drastic gap with respect to employment indicators among different villages. As such employment coefficient corresponding to Khil-Fataki-Kan village as the most prosperous village is 10 times bigger than Bita-shush village as the most deprived one. One could conclude that some of the villages compared with the others experience some degree of depravation in terms of employment. Based on clustering analysis, Chaman-zar Olya, Dehtout Sofla, Sarab Barhed Zanjir Olya, Guyleh, Chaman-zar Sofla, Bioleh, Kalash Hush, Kulese, Duleta, Ziran, Saroukhan, Kalash ghoo, Kani Gohar, Mazrae Kachal abad, Aliabad Kohne, Sarabs, Ghalaji, Bivand olya, Bivand Sofla, Mele rush, Zilan, Shurineh, Bani Lavan, Sarrood Sofla and Biashush are considered as very deprived villages in terms of employment coefficient. From job opportunities standpoint they are in critical stage. This study further suggests that despite of existence of 25 deprived villages, there exist some opportunities and strengths. These opportunities and strengths well override some existing threats and weaknesses. Based on SWOT analysis competitive – aggressive strategy (so) in which prime emphasis is on internal strengths as well as external threats would be considered as the most appropriate strategy regarding employment in deprived villages of Javanrood. In order to create Job opportunities taking into consideration geographic, economic, social and environmental conditions, the following suggestions are recommended:</div> <span class="fontstyle2">- </span><span class="fontstyle0">To maintain good relationship with Iraq as a prime destination for exporting food and livestock products.</span><br> <span class="fontstyle2">- </span><span class="fontstyle0">Expansion of border markets and makes them accessible for rural settlers.</span><br> <span class="fontstyle2">- </span><span class="fontstyle0">Developing ranching livestock activates in the region taking into account appropriate physical condition, ample water resources as well as rich pasture.</span><br> <span class="fontstyle2">- </span><span class="fontstyle0">The development of labor – oriented activities including processing and complementary industries and mining activates.</span><br> <span class="fontstyle2">- </span><span class="fontstyle0">Encouraging both private and government sectors to invest in rural areas more specifically those located next to border.</span><br> <span class="fontstyle2">- </span><span class="fontstyle0">Improvement of roads and routes conditions in order to increase the accessibility of rural settlers to border markets.</span> توسعه روستایی , نواحی روستایی , مناطق محروم , اشتغال , جوانرود , Rural Development, Rural Area, Deprived Regions, Employment, Javanrood. 109 130 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3-78&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hamed Ghadermarzi حامد قادرمزی 10031947532846001931 10031947532846001931 Yes Assistant Prof. in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran حامد قادرمزی، عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران