SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

fa اثرات اقتصادی و اجتماعی مشاغل خانگی زنان روستایی در شهرستان اسلام‌آباد غرب Social and Economic Consequences of Domestic Occupations of Rural Women in the County of West Islam-Abad پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify; ">در تحقیق حاضر به بررسی اثرات اقتصادی- اجتماعی مشاغل خانگی زنان روستایی در شهرستان اسلام آباد غرب پرداخته شده است. جامعه آماری مشتمل بر 200 نفر از زنان صاحب کسبوکار در مناطق روستایی شهرستان اسلامآباد غرب بود که از بین آنها با استفاده از جدول تعیین حجم نمونه کرجسی و مورگان تعداد 140 نفر بهعنوان نمونه تعیین و به طور تصادفی انتخاب شد. ابزار مورد استفاده برای جمعآوری دادهها پرسشنامه بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط اساتید و متخصصین، بررسی و تأیید شد و جهت تعیین پایایی پرسشنامه نیز تعداد 30 پرسشنامه توسط زنان روستایی در فرآیند پیشآزمون تکمیل و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای بخشهای مذکور محاسبه شد که در نهایت مقدار88/0= &alpha بهطور میانگین برای بخشهای مختلف پرسشنامه بهدست آمد. بر مبنای نتایج تحلیل عاملی، مهمترین تأثیرات اقتصادی مشاغل خانگی بر زندگی زنان روستایی را میتوان در چهار دسته کلی شامل بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی خانواده، افزایش آگاهیهای اقتصادی، افزایش استقلال مالی و ارتقاء قدرت ریسکپذیری و نوآوری تقسیمبندی نمود که مقدار واریانس تجمعی تبیین شده توسط این چهار عامل، 45/65درصد می باشد. همچنین مهمترین اثرات اجتماعی اینگونه مشاغل بر زندگی زنان روستایی نیز شامل پنج مؤلفه اصلی (افزایش سطح مهارتهای فنی و اجتماعی، علاقمندی به کسب اطلاعات، توسعه ارتباطات نهادی، توسعه ارتباطات اجتماعی و افزایش سطح مشارکت گروهی) بود که مقدار واریانس تجمعی تبیین شده توسط این پنج عامل نیز 44/68 می باشد.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Introduction</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Nowadays, the importance of female's participation in the realization of development </span>objectives is remarkable and in the absence of participations like this, there will be no way ahead of development. This is a matter of particular consideration in the rural and agricultural sectors which attracts attention as one of the essential factors contributing to the sustainable development of these sectors. Many countries have experienced entrepreneurship as one of the most effective procedures to decrease the rate of unemployment. As it helped developed and developing countries to survive from unemployment and then lead women to reveal their skills and abilities in different fields and step into the space of business to make massive changes in economic development of the world. Considering restrictions on investing made by governments, it is a good way to confront the intricate of women's unemployment through the entrepreneurship of domestic occupations. Statistics show that the rate of economic exposure and unemployment in Kermanshah Province is about 38% and 13%, respectively. Furthermore, limited economic participation of rural females in spite of the importance of their self-occupation to facilitate the achievement of sustainable development is of great importance to create appropriate circumstances, equipment and infrastructures that make them empowered. Since rural women of West Islam-Abad are about the 45% of the total population of the area that play a key role in the political, social and economic development of the county, together with the great impact of domestic occupations on the increase of entrepreneurship opportunities and the improvement of occupation status, we have set out the research to identify social and economic consequences of domestic occupations of rural females in West Islam-Abad.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Methodology</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">This research has been done by the aim of investigating social and economic impacts of </span>domestic occupations of rural women in the County of West Islam-Abad. Statistical population consists of 200 members of occupied women in rural areas of West IslamAbad among them only 140 have been accidentally chosen by Krejcie & Morgan sampling table. Required data have been collected by questionnaires whose content validity has been confirmed by professors and experts. Assessing the reliability of the questionnaires, a number of 30 questionnaires were done in the process of pretesting by rural women and the average number of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated about α = 88% for different parts of the questionnaires.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Discussion and Conclusion</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle2">According to the results of factor analysis, the most important economic impacts of </span>domestic occupation of rural women on their life can be possibly classified into four general groups including the improvement of a family economic status, promotion of economic knowledge and awareness, making more economic independency, increase in the power of risks and innovation. Then the cumulative variance determined by these four was the extent of 64.45%. It should also be mentioned that the most important social consequences of these occupations on the life of rural women is made of five main factors of increase in their social and technical skills, tendency to get information, development of institutional communications and development of team activities which the cumulative variance of 68.44% was determined by them. Women consider a significant contrast between job and family values that sometimes the integration of job duties and home tasks cause lots of problems in their responsibility and job performances. Because, based on the rural area culture, everything related to the children and family needs is among those inevitable affairs of women. In this research, several suggestions are getting showed to help create and improve the opportunities for participating in domestic occupations and entrepreneurship by rural women regarding to the rural areas culture and circumstances. The most important suggestions are to organize training courses in rural areas that can make changes in their cultural attitudes toward women's capabilities, doing things to increase rural women's knowledge and awareness, making facilities to create and improve their participation in domestic occupations and the recognition and introduction of successful entrepreneur women as role models to motivate the owners of domestic occupations to make progress in business.</div> اشتغال , مشاغل خانگی , تأثیرات اقتصادی , تأثیرات اجتماعی , زنان روستایی , Occupation, Domestic occupation, Economic impacts, Social impacts, Rural women. 93 113 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3-67&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ahmad Yaghoubi Farani احمد یعقوبی فرانی yaghoubi@basu.ac.ir 10031947532846001950 10031947532846001950 Yes Assistant Professor, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران Sara Jalilian سارا جلیلیان sjalilian68@yahoo.com 10031947532846001951 10031947532846001951 No MSc in Agricultural Extension and Education, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران