SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

fa واکاوی اثرات گردشگری بر توسعه نواحی روستایی مورد: روستای قوری قلعه Study of the Impacts of Tourism on Rural Development Case Study: Ghoori-Ghale Village تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ ماهیت، از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و به لحاظ هدف، از نوع تحقیقات تحلیلی ـ توصیفی بوده که به منظور سنجش و ارزیابی تأثیرات گردشگری بر ساکنین روستای قوری قلعه، که به عنوان یکی از مهمترین مقاصد گردشگران در استان کرمانشاه و غرب کشور مطرح است، انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری، کلیه سرپرستان خانوارهای واقع در روستای قوری قلعه تشکیل میدهد که جهت دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش، کلیه سرپرستان خانوار روستای مورد نظر (240=N)، به صورت تمام شماری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتهاند. ابزار تحقیق، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بوده که روایی آن با کسب نظرات اساتید دانشگاهی تأیید گردید. جهت بررسی پایایی ابزار تحقیق، یک مطالعه راهنما با تعداد 30 پرسشنامه در روستای بدرآباد واقع در 20 کیلومتری روستای قوری قلعه انجام گرفته است که ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به دست آمده (861 .0)،  نشاندهنده قابل اعتماد بودن ابزار تحقیق بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از آمارههای توصیفی (فروانی، میانگین، انحراف معیار و ضریب تغییرات)، آزمون T تک نمونهای و تکنیک تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS استفاده گردید. نتایج رتبهبندی متغیرهای مورد بررسی نشان داد گردشگری بیشترین اثرات را در روستای قوری قلعه بر متغیرهای ایجاد اشتغال برای ساکنین، افزایش درآمد ساکنین و تنوع فعالیتهای اقتصادی به ترتیب با ضریب تغییرات 114 .0، 119 .0، 127 .0، داشتهاند. گردشگری در توسعه روستای قوری قلعه با میانگین اثرگذاری 4 .3، تأثیر قابل توجهی را در توسعه این روستا داشته است. همچنین، نتایج تکنیک تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد تأثیرگذاری گردشگران بر توسعه روستای قوری قلعه در شش عامل اصلی خلاصه میشود که در مجموع 6 .82 درصد از واریانس کل متغیر وابسته را تبیین کرده که به ترتیب اهمیت عبارت است از عامل اقتصادی (923 .18درصد)، عامل زیرساختی ـ کالبدی (692 .16 درصد)، عامل اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی (606 .15 درصد)، عامل بهداشتی ـ زیست محیطی (774 .14 درصد)، عامل مشارکتی (403 .9 درصد)، عامل امنیتی (202 .7 درصد). <div style="text-align: justify; ">Introduction</div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">Tourism can be a tool for rural development; because it can be considered as a new financial resource, it can improve the economic status of local people and it can be considered as a resource that removes poverty and creates more jobs. Tourism and rural development are also two interrelated factors which have positive impacts on each other when tourism development or rural development take place. As a region that is one of the top fifty tourist attractions in Kermanshah Province, Ghoori-Ghale village is one of the most important destinations of tourists to the west of the country; annually, this region receives thousands of tourists from other parts of the country and from neighboring countries especially Iraqi tourists. Studies show that the number of tourists in this village increased considerably during the past years; so that the number of visitors has increased from 116000 people in 1381 to 418000 people in 1386 and more than 500000 people in 1391. More than natural attractions of the village and cultural values in Ghoori-Ghale, the most important tourist attraction in Ravansar County is Ghoori-Ghale Cave as a natural phenomenon and it is the second tourist attraction of the Oramanat region. Construction of more than 30 shops and stores and full-time employment of more than 30 individuals around the cave, is just one of the advantages of Ghoori-Ghale Cave for inhabitants of Ghoori-Ghale village. Base on this, some questions are raised including that "which indicators of rural development have been mostly effected by tourists' arrivals?", "at what level are the impacts of tourism on rural development of Ghoori-Ghale?" and "how many factors are defined as the impacts of tourism in rural development of Ghoori-Ghale village and what are the important ones?"</div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">Methodology: This study is practical one which used analytical-descriptive researches method. For data collection documentary method and field study are used. The study population includes all heads of householder in Ghoori-Ghale village (240 people). Because of limitation of population and their availability, the sample study was chosen by complete enumeration method. The basic research tool was self-constructed questionnaire in which, after necessary modification, its validity was confirmed by university professors and other tourism experts. To examine the reliability of the constructed questionnaire, a guide study was performed out of the studied region with 30 questionnaires. Cronbach's Alfa Coefficient was obtained by using SPSS, version 0.861 and it showed the high level of reliability in using of research tool. The five-point Likert scale has been the indicators' scale for this case (very little: point 1, little: point 2, average: point 3, great: point 4, very great: point 5) and for statistical analysis descriptive statistics (average, standard deviation and coefficient of variables) and one sample T-test have been used and also for recognizing the impacts of tourists' arrivals on inhabitants of Ghoori Ghale, regarding some limited and important factors, factor analysis technique has been applied. Discussion and Conclusion: Because of profitability and high level of job creation for host communities, today, rural tourism can be considered as one of the most important tools for developing and following that for sustainable development of rural inhabitants especially in regions with high potential in attracting tourist. This study findings showed that most of rural inhabitants in the studied area are completely satisfied with tourists' arrival and they are ready to attract more tourists. Moreover, the results showed that tourists' arrival to Ghoori Ghale village mostly have impact on many indicators including development of employment, increase of inhabitants' income, diversity of economic activities, constructing or developing local markets, infrastructure development, increase of land value and housing, increase of purchase power and improvement of living status, decrease of rural immigration and return of immigrants to the village, increase of the constructions and diversification of domestic products. The results of studying the overall level of the impacts of tourism showed that most respondents believe that tourism has considerable impacts (average of 3.4) on development of Ghoori Ghale village. The results showed that the impacts of tourism on inhabitants of Ghori Ghale village are summarized in six main factors which on the whole, determined 82.6% of total variance of impacts of tourism regarding the target village. The recognized factors in order of their importance are as follow: economic factor, infrastructurephysical factor, social-cultural factor, health-environmental factor, involvement factor and safety factor. Regarding the high potentiality of Ghoori Ghale village and other neighboring villages, by proper management and villagers' participation, it is possible to create a tourism hub in the region in which Ghoori Ghale village is the central part and consequently, this matter can be a good prospective for development of neighboring villages to Ghoori Ghale.</div> گردشگری روستایی, توسعه روستایی, اثرات گردشگری, روستای قوری قلعه. Rural Tourism, Rural Development, Impacts of Tourism, Ghoori Ghale Village. 111 127 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-19&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hamed Ghadermarzi حامد قادرمرزی ghadermarzi61@yahoo.com 10031947532846001801 10031947532846001801 Yes Assistant Professor in Geography and Rural Planning, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Iran استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران. Davood Jomeyni داود جمینی 10031947532846001802 10031947532846001802 No Ph. D. Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Esfahan University, Iran دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران Alireza Jamshidi علیرضا جمشیدی 10031947532846001803 10031947532846001803 No Ph. D. Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Esfahan University, Iran دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران