SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

fa نقش مشارکت در توسعه روستایی بخش خشکبیجار شهرستان رشت The Role of Participation in Rural development in Khoshk-e bijar District, Rasht County تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; "><strong>رشد و توسعه روستایی، ارتباطی تنگاتنگ با مشارکت روستاییان دارد؛ چرا که مشارکت در واقع کارآیی برنامههای اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و کیفیت تصمیم‌گیری برای مناطق روستایی را افزایش میدهد. ضعف مشارکت مردمی در جامعه روستایی، از پویایی روستاها میکاهد و رشد و شکوفایی روستاها را با دشواری مواجه میسازد</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">.</span></strong><strong> در این مقاله تلاش شده است تا به تحلیل نقش مشارکتهای مردمی در توسعه روستاهای بخش خشکبیجار شهرستان رشت پرداخته شود. بر روی  400 نفر از روستاییان در 18 روستای نمونه بخش خشکبیجار شهرستان رشت مطالعه شده است و در آن از دو روش اسنادی و مطالعات میدانی با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه برای شناسایی وضعیت مشارکت در روستاهای نمونه استفاده شده است. پس از تهیه پرسشنامه و بررسی اعتبار روایی و پایایی آن با مقدار آلفای کرونباخ (81/0)، پرسشنامهها در بین روستاهای نمونه در بین افراد توزیع‌شده و از نتایج آنها برای تأیید یا رد فرضیهها استفاده شد. برای آزمون فرضیهها با استفاده از مؤلفه‌های سطح تحصیلات، وضعیت اقتصادی خانوارها، میزان رضایت و میزان مشارکت روستاییان، در فرآیند توسعه روستایی از طریق آزمونهای ویلکاکسون، همبستگی اسپیرمن و کروسکال والیس اقدام شده است. نتایج نشان داد میزان</strong> <strong>مشارکت مردم، نقش کلیدی در توسعه نواحی روستایی محدوده مورد مطالعه ایفا میکند و</strong> <strong>متناسب با اندازه جمعیت روستاها، میزان مشارکت روستاییان بیشتر میشود. </strong><strong>میل به مشارکت به ویژه مشارکت فکری، مشورتی،کاری و فیزیکی در میان روستاییان در حد مطلوبی است و با افزایش توان اقتصادی روستاییان بخش خشکبیجار، میزان مشارکت مردم در طرحها و پروژههای توسعهای روستاها افزوده خواهد شد. بی‌شک انگیزهی مشارکت در بین روستاییان بیش از هر چیزی به اقدامات فرهنگی و آگاهی بخشی به آنها بستگی دارد</strong><strong>. </strong></p> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Introduction</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Nowadays, most experts in rural development field agree that reaching to sustainable </span>development is not impossible without all people’s Participation and undoubtedly, the process of development will be facilitated, with more speed and less expenditure. Meanwhile, the historical experience of our country emphasizes on utilizing top-down strategies for development, it shows its failure on the process of rural development. Therefore, based on this experience and increasing overall knowledge and scientific knowledge, it is necessary for the society to pay attention to rural development which is dominated by people’s Participation and this Participation should be the priority for plans and measures.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Spontaneous and endogenous development indicated that in all stages and in different circumstances, development is based on Participation of local people for mobilization of resources and institutionalizing local Participation with emphasis on empowerment and capacity building. People’s Participation causes them not to feel alienated with plans and new elements; this makes them to be engaged throughout the planning process and after that in implementation and </span>maintenance of the plans; they feel that the plan and the product belong to them and they cooperate greatly to maintain it and make it dynamic. People’s Participation in local planning may lead to decentralization and it can reduce the limitations of top-down planning.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">So, these plans and all the expenditures in these villages should result in development, if villagers wants and needs are recognized and they are engaged in villages' affairs; because, on one hand, villagers Participation leads to empowerment of institutions and social organizations in the village so that they facilitate development process, and on the other hand, it leads to usage of capabilities </span>and talents of villages for national development, the sustainability of population and decrease of regional inequalities. Khoshke-bijar district is located in north-east part of Rasht County; in recent years, many construction plans and projects were prepared and implemented in these villages such as preparing and implementing guide plans, equipping and modernization of agricultural lands, gas delivery plans, purified water delivery system, and so on. According to this, the present study aims to answer this fundamental question that how much influence does people's Participation have on the development of villages in Khoshke-bijar district?</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Methodology</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Regarding its objective, this is a practical study and a descriptive-analytical one according to its </span>methodology. For studying and recognizing the status quo, descriptive method, and for statistical analyzing in the case of rural services and population, analytical method has been used. Therefore, theoretical and conceptual framework of the study and geographical and demographic features of the study were collected by documentary method and determining the ways that people engage in different areas had been done through field study. Statistical population includes villages of Khoshke-bijar district in Rasht County that have been selected in four categories: small villages, medium size villages, big villages and parts that are a combination of village and town. Study sample is determined 400 villagers, according to Morgan Standard Table that is distributed and completed by using random-quota sampling method in the studied area. Questionaries' validity is determined by experts' comments and those who have expertise in rural planning and its reliability is determined by Cronbach's Coefficient Alfa (0.81). For data analysis in this study some tests have been used including Wilcoxon Test, Spearman Correlation Test, and Kruskal Wallis Test.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle2">Discussion and conclusion</span></strong><br> <span class="fontstyle0">Participation objective is generally defined as voluntarily participation of people in development plans in all stages- including goal setting, decision making, implementation, maintenance and evaluation. People's Participation can be recognized as a process through that poor and disadvantaged people can be organized and by this organizing they could try development efforts. If all villagers could be directed toward field creation and optimal organization, this filed and organization turn to be an instrument for expressing their wants, through that they could achieve their rational wants.<br> Villagers' Participation in Khoshe-bijar district will be on its maximum level, and can have impact on rural development, if all cited obstacles are removed. It is obvious that removing the existing economic problems in Khoshke-bijar district is not possible without focusing on social, cultural and political problems and when villages lack a desirable level of culture and social attitude, it will be impossible to expect them understand new methods of economic development and take the risk of them. Finally, it can be said that in Khoshke-bijar villages, despite of many different problems and obstacles in the way of Participation and using that for rural development, villagers' desire to engage in affairs and their presence in many development plans can be helpful and it clarifies the necessity of planning for this important matter.<br> The results show that the desire for intellectual, and physical Participation among villagers is in a desirable level. By increasing the economic power of the villagers in Khoshke-bijar district which is possible through their own Participation, we can expect that the level of Participation in plans and projects for rural development increase too. There is no doubt that Participation motivation among villagers depends on using cultural actions and giving awareness to them that are the top priorities. Because the level of Participation and cooperation among villages are at a high level in many villages of the developed countries in the world and they strongly believe in team work activities, the level of Participation is in a desirable level and villages are more developed too, due to widespread acculturation and internalization among rural people. It is obvious that when people of the studied area are aware of the advantages and effective results of cooperative works and they know more about the results of Participation for sustainable profits and interests, their motivation for Participation will increase.</span></div> روستا, مشارکت, توسعه روستایی, بخش خشکبیجار, شهرستان رشت. Village, Participation, Rural Development, Khoshk-e bijar District, Rasht County. 61 82 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-27&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zinab Asadi زینب اسدی 10031947532846001826 10031947532846001826 No M.A. Student of Geography & Rural Planning, IAU Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran. کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت، رشت، ایران. Eissa Pourramzan عیسی پوررمضان pourramzan@iaurasht.ac.ir 10031947532846001827 10031947532846001827 Yes Assistant Prof. of Geography Department, IAU Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran. استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران. Nasrollah Molaei Hashjin نصرالله مولایی هشجین 10031947532846001828 10031947532846001828 No Full Prof. of Geography Department, IAU Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran. استاد گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.