Most of residential areas, population centers, and agricultural lands are located along the rivers and especially on the river terrace, which are affected by river dynamics, discharge changes, and flood hazards, bed fluctuations and meander variations. Therefore, it is necessary to study the behavior and pattern of meander movements of rivers in order to avoid potential hazards. The current research conducted in a reach of Gharehsou River in Ardebil province and the field measurements were done at adjacent to Anzab village to the Samian Bridge. In order to determine the pattern of this river, the Leopold Sinuosity Factor and the central angle calculated using Cornice method were used in this study. The results showed that the average of the Sinuosity Factor in the study area was 1.47, Which indicates the high ratio of river sinuosity. It also indicates the spatial variation of meanders evolution is not the same over the studied reach. The values of obtained Sinuosity factor using the employed methods showed that the %71.11 of meanders (32 meanders) with sinuosity factor of 1-1.5 belong to the category of low meander degree. While, the %17.78 of meanders (8 Meanders) had the sinuosity factor of 1.5-2. The remained 5 meanders (%11.11 of the identified meanders) had the sinuosity values greater than 2. This means that there are at least 5 meanders in the study area that are susceptible to becoming an oxbow-lake. Therefore, it is necessary to stabilize the stream banks and river bed of the study reach through structural management and engineering methods.

Change in precipitation features is one of climate change outcome. Change in precipitation amount, especially in warm season, may influences climato-environmental phenomenon as well as human activity. In current research the decadal changes of monthly precipitation over the Caspian coast of Iran territory was evaluated. Accordingly, a large number of rain gauge stations (385 stations), where rainfall is measured painstakingly, have been used. these stations are under the supervision of Meteorological Organization of the country and Ministry of Energy. Since the original dataset pertaining to the precipitation prior to 1966 had noticeable missing values, and the data after 2016 were not accessible, a continuous time period from January 1966 to December 2016 was selected. From the daily precipitation of aforementioned stations contour maps were created using an ordinary Kriging method. The spatial resolution of these precipitation maps was 3 km * 3 km. Our finding showed that during the under investigation period the maximum gradient of precipitation moved from coastal parts toward mountainous area. Decrease in the area with high precipitation and increase in the low precipitation area is an other prominent decadal characteristics. According to the previous study, these changes might attributed to changes in systems which effect precipitation in the Caspian coast of Iran (northward movement in polar vortex, sub-tropical high pressure and cyclone truck). In addition, increasing temperature trends in the summer tend to decrease temperature spatial differences. Therefore, the convectional precipitation during summer has been decreased.