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Investigating the factors affecting the political organization of space in Alborz province using the grand theory method
Mr Framarz Nik, Phd Ata Aleh Abdi, Phd Hossen Rabei, Phd Hasan Rabei,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The aim of this research is to identify the factors that influence the political organization of space in Alborz province.
Method: The research is guided by a descriptive-analytical method. The data is qualitative in nature, and the data collection methods include library research and fieldwork. The study involves reviewing authentic documents and texts, as well as conducting interviews with research experts to identify and analyze the factors influencing the political organization of space in Alborz province using the grand theory method.The research findings revealed that the factors influencing the political organization of space in Alborz province can be categorized into 50 contextual factors, 22 causal factors, 55 strategic factors, and 56 consequences. The most significant contextual factors affecting the political organization of space in Alborz province include justice, social justice guarantee, citizenship rights, political management of the national space, appointment of political managers of divisional units, communication between the government and the people, emphasis on responsibility, and its accurate recognition. Society's culture and geographic location are among the most important causal factors, while strategic insight and the formulation of educational and research strategies are crucial strategies. Management, military-security, and economic factors are some of the consequences that impact the political organization of space in Alborz province.  The state system in Alborz province is an open system. In other words, the constituent factors of this system are synergistic and can be enhanced and expanded over time. The researchers presented the results of their study in the form of a model named and comprehensive utilization of the factors within the system leads to success, while improper use results in failure in the state management system in Alborz province.

Drivers Influencing on the self-organization of villagers and improving sustainable rural livelihoods Ashtian County
Dr Naser Shafieisabet, Masoudeh Nikoeifard, Dr Neginsadat Mirvahedi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Villagers' self-organization as a collaborative process plays a fundamental role in promoting sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. This study was carried out to identify the driving forces affecting the self-organization of villagers and improving sustainable rural livelihood in Ashtian County in Iran. This qualitative research was conducted with an analytical-exploratory approach and through a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews with 30 experts. Collected qualitative data were analyzed using the Delphi method and MicMac software to identify relationships and patterns between concepts. The findings revealed that the distribution of factors and variables influencing the improvement of sustainable rural livelihoods in the studied area was unstable. Also, among the 24 primary influential factors, the 10 factors that had the highest score were identified as the fundamental drivers influencing the future process of self-organization of villagers aligned with sustainable rural livelihood. Drivers of innovation and creativity of villagers in the fields of agricultural and non-agricultural activities, skills and experience of villagers in group activities, establishing local organizations as an Individual factor; drivers of Increasing the spirit of entrepreneurship, launching and promoting new local businesses as a psychological factor; Drivers of Increasing participation, cooperation and sense of responsibility in agricultural and non-agricultural activities as a social factor; Drivers of empowering villagers and increasing their awareness and social and economic skills, Taking advantage of  new IT and ICT technologies in the process of structural empowerment of them in the direction of self-organization as an education and empowerment factor; Drivers of access to various and reliable financial resources for use in agricultural and non-agricultural activities as an economic factor; Drivers of delegating authority to villagers in line with local planning and decentralization as a planning and management factor, and finally  drivers of supporting the creation and development of local businesses and diversifying the agricultural and non-agricultural activities of villagers, as well as increasing investment in the process of innovative businesses as a socio-economic support factor.

Drivers Influencing on the self-organization of villagers and improving sustainable rural livelihoods Ashtian County
Dr Naser Shafieisabet, Masoudeh Nikoeifard, Dr Neginsadat Mirvahedi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Villagers' self-organization as a collaborative process plays a fundamental role in promoting sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. This study was carried out to identify the driving forces affecting the self-organization of villagers and improving sustainable rural livelihood in Ashtian County in Iran. This qualitative research was conducted with an analytical-exploratory approach and through a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews with 30 experts. Collected qualitative data were analyzed using the Delphi method and MicMac software to identify relationships and patterns between concepts. The findings revealed that the distribution of factors and variables influencing the improvement of sustainable rural livelihoods in the studied area was unstable. Also, among the 24 primary influential factors, the 10 factors that had the highest score were identified as the fundamental drivers influencing the future process of self-organization of villagers aligned with sustainable rural livelihood. Drivers of innovation and creativity of villagers in the fields of agricultural and non-agricultural activities, skills and experience of villagers in group activities, establishing local organizations as an Individual factor; drivers of Increasing the spirit of entrepreneurship, launching and promoting new local businesses as a psychological factor; Drivers of Increasing participation, cooperation and sense of responsibility in agricultural and non-agricultural activities as a social factor; Drivers of empowering villagers and increasing their awareness and social and economic skills, Taking advantage of  new IT and ICT technologies in the process of structural empowerment of them in the direction of self-organization as an education and empowerment factor; Drivers of access to various and reliable financial resources for use in agricultural and non-agricultural activities as an economic factor; Drivers of delegating authority to villagers in line with local planning and decentralization as a planning and management factor, and finally  drivers of supporting the creation and development of local businesses and diversifying the agricultural and non-agricultural activities of villagers, as well as increasing investment in the process of innovative businesses as a socio-economic support factor.

Micro-classification of orchards and agricultural croplands by applying object based image analysis and fuzzy algorithms for estimating the area under cultivation
Bakhtiar Feizizadeh, Ali Khedmat Zadeh, Mohammad Reza Nikjoo,,
Volume 18, Issue 48 (3-2018)
Abstract

Remote sensing technology is one of the most efficient and innovative technologies for agricultural land use/cover mapping. In this regard, the object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) is known as a new method of satellite image processing which integrates spatial and spectral information for satellite image process. This approach make use of spectral, environmental, physical and geometrical characteristics (e.g. texture, shape) together images contexts for modeling of land use/cover classes. The main objective of this study is to classify micro land use/cover of Meyandoab County by applying appropriate and effective algorithms and parameters in the object based approach. For this goal, Quick Bird and Aster satellite images were used within the integrated approach for processing and land use modeling. Accordingly, the land use map was classified in 9 class based on spectral and spatial characteristics.  In order to perform OBIA, the segmentation was applied in the scale of 10, shape parameter of 0.7 as well as the compactness of 0.3. In terms of the classification task, fuzzy based algorithm and operators (AND, OR) was applied to detriment the membership functionality of segments for each class as well as classifying the related objects.  We also applied textures, geometric, NDVI, GLCM, brightness algorithms based on fuzzy operators and assign class algorithm. In order to applying the validation of results, the accuracy assessment step was performed and the finally overall accuracy of 93.6 was obtained for the derived map. The Kappa coefficient was also detriment to be 0.92. The area under cultivation included respectively for lands of wheat and barley, prunes and plums, apples, vineyards and alfalfa hay2622.42, 4505, 4354.55, 4457.85, 14110.58 hectares.
 


Investigating the trend of changes in the eastern county's of Lake Urmia and identification of areas capable of cultivating saline plants using remote sensing and GIS
Miss Rahimeh Rostami, Dr. Ali Mohammad Khorshiddust, Dr. Mohammadreza Nikjoo, Dr. Hassan Mahmudzadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 55 (12-2019)
Abstract
The drying of Lake Urmia has had many environmental impacts on the surrounding areas of the lake. In this research, efforts have been made to identify vegetation coverings that are compatible with the study area and then it use of multiplicative decision-making models for identify areas susceptible to cultivation of these products. In the present study, following the study of species in the region of rapeseed, was selected as a suitable halophytes plant. Initially, using Landsat 5 and 8 images, the changes in the land use type and vegetation cover type of the region were investigated from 2000 to 2016, and after calculating the changes, the potential planting of the halophytes plant was sought. The ANP Fuzzy method was used to estimate the ability to cultivate rapeseed. Main criteria used in this research are topography, soil and meteorology. The topographic sub criteria are included: height, slope and tilt direction, soil criteria including soil texture, soil salinity, and soil pH and soil organic matter. Finally, the criteria for meteorological data are total annual precipitation, Relative humidity, average annual temperature, maximum annual temperature and annual minimum temperature. These layers first be changed to fuzzy and then, applying the weight of each of the following criteria, a map of the main criteria of soil, topography and meteorology was prepared and finally, by combining these three main parameters, the potential mapping was obtained. The results indicate a 25.43 percent reduction in water content and an increase of 21.03 percent in saline areas between 2000 and 2016, and the results of identifying areas susceptible to cultivation of halophytes plants have identified 14.28 percent of the study area suitable for rapeseed cultivation.

Evaluation and zoning of thermal and phenological conditions of grape cultivation in Hamadan province
Akbar Shaemi- Barzoki, Nasrin Nikandish, Abolfazl Baghbani- Arani, Samira Aligholi,
Volume 23, Issue 70 (9-2023)
Abstract
Agriculture in the context of climate arrives at a favorable outcome. One of the important goals in agricultural researches is the investigation of effects of atmospheric parameter on various agricultural products. In this research we study the thermal and phenological conditions of grape cultivation in Hamadan province. In this study we analyzed thermal conditions for grape based on minimum and maximum daily temperatures of Meteorological stations in Hamadan province, by use of  thermal potential, normal distribution, optimal deviation, growing degree days (GDD), phenology interphase methods. We also used SMADA software for statistical analyses and by Arc GIS Software to determine the possibility of frost and IDW technique for zoning and presentation of spatial distribution results. The results show that from the southern to the northern of Hamadan province the total heat units is reduced. An examination of the probability of a late spring frost at 95% showed that the date varies from late April in the southern regions of the province to the first decade of May in the northern half of the region. The probable date of late spring frost was seen at the end of April in the southern half (Malayer and Nahavand) areas, which coincides with the phenological stage of germination. The date of these phenological stages complete with a delay of ten days from south to north. The deviation from optimal temperature conditions in each grape phenological stage, in the northern half is more than that of the southern half. According to the research results, early varieties of grapes is suitable for cultivation in the northern half of the region, due to the lower heat potential.[D1] 


The Relationship between Land Subsidence and Water Use in Yazd-Ardakan Plain Using Sentinel-1 Images
Mohammadreza Goodarzi, Maryam Sabaghzadeh, Amirreza Rajabpour Niknam,
Volume 25, Issue 76 (3-2025)
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater is more important for humans and ecosystems than surface water. Land subsidence is caused by the pumping and uncontrolled use of groundwater in an area. When the extracted quantities are not replenished by rainfall, it leads to damages such as road failures, destruction of residential areas, railways, as well as water and gas pipelines. The Yazd-Ardakan plain is one of the main plains in Yazd province, hosting 75% of the province's population density and most industrial centers. Additionally, this plain has been subjected to a ban by the Ministry of Energy due to a sharp decline in groundwater levels. This study aimed to quantify and compare the extent of subsidence using four Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of the C-band from the Sentinel-1 satellite and the radar differential interferometry method from 2017 to 2021. The maximum subsidence recorded in 2017 was 13 cm, while in 2020 and 2021, it decreased to 9 cm, primarily concentrated in the Shamsi region between Meybod and Ardakan. Furthermore, to validate the satellite-derived results, they were compared with those obtained through accurate leveling methods conducted by the Iran National Cartographic Center. The study revealed that Sentinel images exhibit a strong capability to estimate the extent of subsidence. Considering the examination of groundwater consumption and depletion statistics in recent years, potential reasons for the reduction in subsidence in the study area could be attributed to management measures such as water transfer to this basin, alterations in agricultural practices, and a decrease in groundwater depletion compared to previous years in this region.

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