Geographical studies on food categorized in five scales; global and transnational, national and regional, urban, rural and agricultural, domestic scales of food consumption and the individual as a consumer. Based on this categorization, the present study is placed within urban and domestic scales. By accepting that population of Tehran metropolis will definitely increase in future and regarding that based on systematic approach and limits to grow theory (Meadows, Randers, & Meadows, 2004), no growth in the world will continue forever. We must consider factors that limit the growth of Tehran, besides factors provoke development. One of the limiting factors is the natural and geographical potential of Tehran metropolis. For this research among qualitative methods in futures studies, we chose the scenario, because this method "make the future more real for decision makers to force new thinking and decisions". In the formulation of food consumption scenarios, due to the diversity of stakeholders, the challenges and the types of issues and ambiguities, the approach of the Global Business Network (GBN) was chosen. To analyze the key factors and identifying the key variables the structural analysis method and MickMac software was used. Based on two key variables, technology, and consumer responsibility, four scenarios were created, these are four scenarios: Smart eating scenario, McDonaldization of Society scenario, Food Geography scenario, and Community Eating scenario. In this study, four alternative food futures have been presented for Tehran. In these scenarios, both desirable and undesirable futures are clearly and accurately depicted. The geography of food scenario due to the neglect of the environmental capacities and natural and geographic potentials is the most unsustainable scenario for the future of Tehran. Without scenarios, thinking about the futures of food in Tehran is very difficult and even impossible. These scenarios can help us take into account possible futures in today's decisions. Although this article does not predict a specific future for food in Tehran, But, given the recognition and sensitivity of the events, it can be very useful for long-term decisions.

Transportation and urban transportation policies are one of the most important tools which can be utilized for the qualitative and quantitative development of cities. Various factors can affect urban transportation systems including natural, economic, social, and cultural factors. the main objective of the current study is to evaluate and assess the resiliency of urban transportation networks in Ilam City, which is carried out using a descriptive-analytical and comparative method. The required information for the current study was obtained using library and field studies. The statistical population of the study included experts in urban management and crisis management, among which 40 participants were selected using convenience-based method and questionnaire was distributed among them. The analysis of the data was carried out using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and integrated digital layers in Expert Choice and ArcGIS software applications. The results indicate that 49 percent of the transportation networks in Ilam City, which have a high level of resiliency based on the general criteria, are in high danger of flooding. Moreover, 72 percent of the traffic congestion points in Ilam City are located on streets with a high level of resiliency based on the general criteria. Among all the urban roads and streets in Ilam City, only 63 km has high levels of resiliency and these are mostly the main streets of Ilam City. The final results of the study show that improving the urban transportation system of Ilam City not only involves the structural issues of the roads, but it also involves a large number of administrative issues. Therefore, first we have to identify dangerous areas and then try to take the necessary measures through appropriate management decision making in order to improve these urban transportation networks.

Deterioration of urban textures is an issue that most cities in Iran are faced with and the organization of such textures is of great importance. One of the safest and most practical solutions for urban planners is to assess the feasibility of regenerating such textures to determine the levels that can be regenerated and are relatively good and tolerable for urban society. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the feasibility of regenerating worn-out textures of Ilam City based on urban smart growth approach using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population of the study includes residents of central worn-out texture of Ilam city (population: 12676 people), 384 of whom are selected as the sample of the study using cluster sampling method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that has been confirmed by face validity and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, turning out to be 0.701. Data analysis is done using single-sample t-test, fuzzy multi-criteria analytical hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP), and its integration with GIS layers. The findings show that the condition of worn-out textures of Ilam city is unsuitable in terms of urban smart growth approach. Evaluation of the digital strata shows that some indicators (including size of the sections, access to services, main and secondary access points) are in a good condition and others (including unused land, population density, gender ratios, active population, employment rate, and literacy rate) are in a poor condition. Finally, the results show that 2.3 hectares of the worn-out texture of Ilam City, including 22-Bahman Square, Ashrafi Esfahani St. where it crosses Resalat Intersection, the northern edge of Moghavemat Intersection, the northern edge of Imam Square, and the area around Koudak Park, have the highest priority for regeneration and revitalization.

Rain water harvesting is an appropriate option for storing surface runoff for subsequent uses during periods with limited access to water. The most important step in the application of rainwater harvesting systems (RWH) is the site selection suitable areas. Therefore, by identifying suitable sites for this purpose, time and cost will be saved . In this research, multivariate regression model and GIS were used to site selection in situ (RWH) in Tajare watershed. For this purpose, layers such as crown cover, litter, rock and stones, soil, curve number, rainfall, slope and depth of field as independent variable and infiltration were considered as the dependent variable. Then, according to the maps, their values were calculated in average for each of the 27 sub-basins. Also, to investigate the relationship between these variables and weighting, each of the effective layers of multi-variable regression was used by the stepwise method The results showed that the linear multivariate regression model with an explanation coefficient of 0.993 was able to estimate the penetration factor values well In terms of grade of importance, the curve number variables with a coefficient of -2.433, depth of soil with a coefficient of 0.3488, and rubble and gravel percent with a coefficient of 0.057, were the most important, and other factors were not significant. Comparison of the map from the site selection of multivariate regression in this research with some recommended criteria of various research studies showed that the predicted classes with good in the central parts of the basin and very good in the upstream areas of the basin which in the eastern and southeastern part of the basin fit have a good overlap with the recommended areas with these criteria.

The development of sustainable entrepreneurship plays a critical role in promoting human well-being and environmental preservation. To achieve this objective, it is essential to understand the factors affecting the emergence of entrepreneurial opportunities in different regions. Therefore, this study aims to explore these factors through a descriptive-analytical survey, with data collected from documentary research and field surveys. The number of experts was 52 who were purposefully sampled using the snowball method. The study employed four indicators and 28 items, which were measured using the Likert scale. A sample of 439 individuals, consisting of 387 villagers and 52 experts, participated in the study. The selection of the 387 villagers was determined using Cochran's formula from a statistical population of 215,104 people. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, including one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance, were used to analyze the data. The results of the one-sample t-test revealed that all indicators examined in the study were statistically significant at a confidence level above 95%. These findings suggest that the villagers' perception of these indicators is positive, given that the observed mean value (3.1) is assumed to be positive. Furthermore, the evaluation statistics, such as the multiple determination coefficient and adjusted coefficient of determination, indicated that the transcendental model provides a better understanding of the factors influencing entrepreneurial opportunities and the key areas of entrepreneurship. The analysis of the transcendental model demonstrated that government subsidies, investment and facilities, product insurance, and education are the most influential factors in the formation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Additionally, the most important sectors for creating and developing entrepreneurship were found to be handicrafts, home-based jobs, oil and gas, medicinal plants, and date production. Overall, the results highlight the region's significant potential for natural, economic, and industrial entrepreneurship, emphasizing the necessity for the government to prioritize investment in entrepreneurship.