Idealism for urban living necessitates the establishment of infrastructure and a platform that considers all stakeholders, including managers, planners, and citizens, regardless of their social and economic backgrounds, social class, gender, etc. This concept is encapsulated in the notion of the right to the city. However, implementing this concept can pose challenges in smaller cities with more unfavorable conditions. Hence, this research aims to introduce a model for actualizing the right to the city based on the Analytical Network Process (ANP) in the rural cities of western Mazandaran. The current study is categorized as applied research. The statistical population for this study comprised urban experts (chosen through the Delphi technique with a sample size of 25). Alongside on-site observations, information was gathered utilizing the fundamental maps of the country's mapping organization and studies focusing on the three cities of Baldeh, Kejur, and Pol (Kham-shahrs in the western part of Mazandaran province). The Analytical Network Process (ANP) method was employed to process and analyze the data, leading to the extraction of a balanced supermatrix using the Super Decision software. Following various steps, the final priorities of indicators and options for realizing the right to the city were determined. The results of the network analysis (ANP) of the dimensions of realizing the right to the city in the western cities of Mazandaran province indicate that the physical-biological dimension holds the highest weight and importance (0.1970). It is trailed by the economic dimension (0.1725) and the social and cultural dimensions (with a final weight of 0.0847). Among the criteria for realizing the right to the city in the western cities of Mazandaran province, the right to self-determination carries the most significance with a weight of 0.1461, followed by environmental rights (0.0943) and the right to a sustainable city economy (0.0840).

As cities develop and expand, their encounters with various topographic and geomorphological units and related issues increase. Geomorphological units are always related to the dynamics and dynamism of the natural environment, and any action taken in the direction of the development and construction of cities in some way intersects with the aforementioned dynamics and dynamism and, as a result, with morphological phenomena. In this encounter, if some essential principles and points are not observed, the morphodynamic balance of the environment will be disrupted and major risks will threaten the majority of urban equipment and facilities. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of unevenness in coastal city planning by comparing the two analytical hierarchy process methods, AHP and AHP FUZZY, in the city of Noor. The research method is descriptive, analytical and field-based in terms of applied and developmental purpose and in terms of data collection, in which the researcher-made questionnaire was used as a tool. The result of the sensitivity analysis showed that AHP is sensitive to uncertainty in the decision model; However, the comparative analysis shows that the differences between the criteria rankings in the two models do not necessarily result in the selection of different options (as focal points), but rather differences in the spatial extent of the selected options are more important. The findings provide a new direction for the selection of MCDM methods for urban planning. If the planning objective is to identify priority areas for development as focal points, then simpler MCDM methods such as AHP should suffice; but in more detailed planning where the identification of spatial boundaries is required (such as determining the master plan), a multiple approach using two or more MCDM techniques would be ideal.

The application of structural analysis to development drivers facilitates a more nuanced understanding of the developmental landscape of provinces and enhances regional equilibrium in decision-making processes. This study examines the ten cities within Ilam province through a comprehensive assessment of 44 combined development indicators. Methodologically, this research is classified as applied in nature and employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing contemporary futurology techniques. Theoretical data were gathered through documentary methods, while empirical data were collected via surveys. Development drivers were identified through documentary analysis and environmental scanning, complemented by empirical data obtained through the Delphi method. Data processing employed the structural interaction analysis method using MIC MAC software. Findings from the interaction analysis reveal a dispersion of propulsive forces within a complex and intermediate context of impact and effectiveness; the clustering of drivers illustrates the concentration of both effective and regulatory forces. Among the 44 identified development drivers, the borders of Ilam province and managerial decision-making processes emerged as significant effective drivers. The results indicate that development in Ilam province is characterized by pronounced imbalances, with a trend towards increasing inequality. It is suggested that only through improved and more comprehensive planning can these disparities be partially mitigated.
 

 

for the spatial analysis of precipitation in the Middle East, have been used gridded precipitation data from the World Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) with a monthly temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.5×0.5 arc degrees. Therefore, a matrix of 80 x 160 dimensions was obtained for the Middle East region (160 longitudinal cells and 80 transverse cells). The reason for choosing network data is their proper spatial and temporal separation and their up-to-date compared to station data. The period under investigation is from 1970 to 2020 AD. Finally, the long-term maps of the Middle East precipitation were drawn on an annual and monthly basis. The results indicate that precipitation in the Middle East tends to concentrate and cluster in the spatial and temporal dimension. In other words, due to the special geographical location of the Middle East region, such as uneven topography, distance and proximity to moisture-feeding sources (Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean) and the direction of unevenness, Precipitation in high altitude areas, It is concentrated in the neighborhood of seas and oceans and also in the windy slopes of the mountain range of the region. The uneven distribution of geographical conditions has caused uneven distribution of Precipitation in the Middle East. So that; The center and gravity of the Middle Eastern Precipitation is concentrated in the eastern end of the Black Sea, southern Turkey in the neighborhood of Syria and Iraq, the Ararat-Zagors belt in the west of Iran, the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, the Pamir highlands and the Bay of Bengal in India, and the Hindu Kush highlands in Pakistan. Is. However, the many parts of the Middle East, due to their proximity to large deserts (African Sahara, Lut Desert, Dasht-Kavir, Arabia's Rab-al-Khali and Afghan deserts), have less than 100 mm of Precipitation. The results showed that the maximum Precipitation of this region has been transferred to the winter season, and the summer season is still the driest period in the Middle East, and only the coasts of the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal have monsoon rains

This study investigates the spatial dynamics of the subtropical anticyclone over Iran during boreal summer, using daily ERA5 reanalysis data (1980–2020) and the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to identify statistically significant hotspots (p < 0.01) in 500-hPa geopotential height (Z500) anomalies for June–August. Results reveal that the peak statistical hotspot occurs in July: a prominent warm cluster with Z-scores up to +4.1 (99% confidence level) forms over southwestern Iran (27°–32°N, 48°–60°E), reflecting the strongest positive departure from the long-term Z500 climatology. Conversely, a cold cluster with Z-scores reaching −10.2 emerges over the northwest (West Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces)—the lowest value recorded over the entire period—indicating pronounced geopotential depression driven by the orographic influence of the Alborz–Zagros ranges and incursions of mid-latitude systems. Histogram analysis of Z-scores confirms a distinctly bimodal distribution in July, with high frequencies in the [+2.5, +4.1] and [−10.2, −2.5] ranges and a pronounced trough near Z ≈ 0, underscoring strong spatial segregation between warm and cold clusters. Notably, the eastern half of Iran (central and eastern regions) consistently lacks significant hotspots across all three months, suggesting the presence of a dynamic transition zone shaped by the competition between subtropical and mid-latitude circulations. In August, although absolute Z500 exceeds 5890 m, the Z-score diminishes (+4.0), indicating that cumulative surface heating elevates the mean geopotential height—but its anomalous intensity relative to climatology weakens compared to July. Collectively, these findings suggest that the dynamical peak of the Iranian subtropical high lags the peak of surface heating by approximately one month.