Geographical studies on food categorized in five scales; global and transnational, national and regional, urban, rural and agricultural, domestic scales of food consumption and the individual as a consumer. Based on this categorization, the present study is placed within urban and domestic scales. By accepting that population of Tehran metropolis will definitely increase in future and regarding that based on systematic approach and limits to grow theory (Meadows, Randers, & Meadows, 2004), no growth in the world will continue forever. We must consider factors that limit the growth of Tehran, besides factors provoke development. One of the limiting factors is the natural and geographical potential of Tehran metropolis. For this research among qualitative methods in futures studies, we chose the scenario, because this method "make the future more real for decision makers to force new thinking and decisions". In the formulation of food consumption scenarios, due to the diversity of stakeholders, the challenges and the types of issues and ambiguities, the approach of the Global Business Network (GBN) was chosen. To analyze the key factors and identifying the key variables the structural analysis method and MickMac software was used. Based on two key variables, technology, and consumer responsibility, four scenarios were created, these are four scenarios: Smart eating scenario, McDonaldization of Society scenario, Food Geography scenario, and Community Eating scenario. In this study, four alternative food futures have been presented for Tehran. In these scenarios, both desirable and undesirable futures are clearly and accurately depicted. The geography of food scenario due to the neglect of the environmental capacities and natural and geographic potentials is the most unsustainable scenario for the future of Tehran. Without scenarios, thinking about the futures of food in Tehran is very difficult and even impossible. These scenarios can help us take into account possible futures in today's decisions. Although this article does not predict a specific future for food in Tehran, But, given the recognition and sensitivity of the events, it can be very useful for long-term decisions.

Understanding the main components of the watershed water basin and analyzing their hydrologic behavior are among the key components of any planning and management procedures in the field of water resources engineering. Today, the need to use modern technologies in hydrological modeling of watersheds has been discussed more than before. The purpose of this study is the simulation of hydrological components in various land use categories in the catchment area of the Dez river basin. Since the tool used in the research is the SWAT model and the SUFI-2 algorithm, the database used include a range of input data. In order to determine the level of sensitivity of the model to the input parameters, global sensitivity analysis was performed. Then, by adjusting the selected parameters and using the observation current, the model was calibrated and validated for the periods 2007 - 1994 and 2013 - 2008, respectively. The coefficients of NS, R2, P-factor and R-factor confirmed the model's ability to simulate river flow in the studied basin. The results of the model showed that the areas with forest use share the highest contribution to aquifer nutrition, and the barren lands have the highest surface runoff. Surface runoff has the leading role in creating the main stream of the river and after that the main flow has been effective in this area. The forest use change to Agricultural lands and pasture will change the hydrological parameters of the basin, and the result of these changes will lead to the increase in the surface runoff, the reduction of nutrition of groundwater resources and the reduction of river basin water. The SWAT model can be used as a precursor model in watershed management studies.

Spiritual-led urbanism is being structured as a new paradigm in urban planning. Social inequality, polarization, moral poverty, and a high prevalence of psychiatric disease are only part of the manifestation of the lack of attention to the issue of spirituality in the production of space. Indeed, the challenge of the contemporary city is the emergence of the process of personalization of space production and capitalization resulting from the dominance of the speculative model and its confrontation with identity and semantic structure. In contrast to these challenges, the discussion of spirituality in recent decades by prominent Harvard scholars has emerged as an interdisciplinary paradigm, embedded in a powerful stream of critical communication planning theory and requiring context. Therefore, the present article analyzes the theoretical field of research related to the paradigm of spiritual development in the production of urban space. This article is based on a combination and is meta synthesis. The statistical population of the study consists of 55 ISI and scientific-research articles in the period 2008-2019. In order to collect and data analyze, methods such as systematic review and open coding have been used. In this context, comprehensive form for summarizing and extracting data from selected research was developed which issues concerning public profile and the theoretical framework of the research. The research findings are presented in two parts: structural and content. The first section examines the general features of selected research, the unreliability of studies on the impact of spirituality on urban space production, and the second section elaborates on the theoretical framework of research on spatial spirituality. production of spiritual-

One of the most important and urgent issues of urban planning is the equitable distribution of facilities, services and accessibility of citizens at the urban level. Economic and commercial centers, including banks and financial institutions, are one of the most important economic sectors of cities and can be sustained. Social, economic, physical, and environmental impacts of neighborhoods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of citizenschr('39') access to commercial land use in Ardebil neighborhoods. Therefore, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the study is 44 localities of Ardabil city. Spatial statistics models, Hot Spot Analysis, and GIS software were used for data analysis. Finally, regression function in Idrisi Selva software was used to analyze the correlation between commercial user and population as well as to determine the relationship and correlation of this user with other service users. The results show that in Ardabil neighborhoods there is inequality in terms of overall business use. As a result, the neighborhoods have high commercial use weights and high concentrations of hot spots in optimum condition, including areas 3 and 5 from zone 2, zone 7 from zone 1 and zone 6 from zone 3. Also, commercial low weight blocks and low concentrations of hot spots, which include areas 8 and 11 from zone 2, area 11 from zone 3, are lower in urban sustainability. Finally, based on the results of the research, some suggestions have been made.

Transportation and urban transportation policies are one of the most important tools which can be utilized for the qualitative and quantitative development of cities. Various factors can affect urban transportation systems including natural, economic, social, and cultural factors. the main objective of the current study is to evaluate and assess the resiliency of urban transportation networks in Ilam City, which is carried out using a descriptive-analytical and comparative method. The required information for the current study was obtained using library and field studies. The statistical population of the study included experts in urban management and crisis management, among which 40 participants were selected using convenience-based method and questionnaire was distributed among them. The analysis of the data was carried out using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and integrated digital layers in Expert Choice and ArcGIS software applications. The results indicate that 49 percent of the transportation networks in Ilam City, which have a high level of resiliency based on the general criteria, are in high danger of flooding. Moreover, 72 percent of the traffic congestion points in Ilam City are located on streets with a high level of resiliency based on the general criteria. Among all the urban roads and streets in Ilam City, only 63 km has high levels of resiliency and these are mostly the main streets of Ilam City. The final results of the study show that improving the urban transportation system of Ilam City not only involves the structural issues of the roads, but it also involves a large number of administrative issues. Therefore, first we have to identify dangerous areas and then try to take the necessary measures through appropriate management decision making in order to improve these urban transportation networks.

Awareness of the status of vegetation, land use change and surface temperature in each region, and the timing and location of their changes over time are important for micro and macro planning. In order to make optimal use of land, knowledge of land use changes is necessary, which is usually possible by detecting and predicting land use changes. Measuring the role of researches and researchers has been instrumental in the study of natural resources, especially vegetation, surface temperature and user variations in each location, as well as the availability of information for different times for valuable studies. In this study, ETM and OLI were used to study the process of land use change, vegetation cover, surface temperature, and hazards caused by them in perennial seasons. The results show that the area of use changes over the period 2000-2010 has decreased the area of use of the developed area, agricultural and growing gardens and the area of land and rangelands. Artificial vegetation has risen in aggregate and rangeland lands are showing a decreasing trend. Due to the importance of vegetation and its role in reducing the temperature of the earth's surface, the trend has been decreasing in regions with intensive vegetation and high temperature. Also, in the period from 2010 to 2017, the range was further increased and the city's growth continued sporadically, causing environmental changes and rising temperatures in the city. The change in the city's increased range has increased environmental risks, including the loss of good agricultural land and the increase in the temperature of the city. Due to the fact that most agricultural land is located in the vicinity of the city under cultivation of saffron, which in the warm seasons does not have surface coatings, changes in the type of cultivation can also affect the temperature of the earth.

In this research, we are trying to determine the “beginning time” as well as the “end” of the climatic seasons; and we will focus on identifying the displacement of these dates, which is influenced by the “climate changes” and “descriptionAbstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate possible changes and displacements in Iran's climatic seasons due to climate change. To do this, temperature, relative humidity, water vapor, wind and cloud data for 36 stations were received from the Meteorological Agency over 40 years. The data were divided into two 20-year series to allow comparison. Daily temperature data for each clustering time series were determined, then by considering 7-day sequences, the beginning and end of the seasons. The designated times were tested using the Rayman model. The results of comparing the seasons in the two time series indicated that in all stations, changes in climatic seasons occurred from Insignificant to significant. Climatic seasons in Iran do not correspond to calendar seasons, and climate change, especially temperature changes in recent decades, has caused the seasons to shift and shorten and lengthen. Although the beginning and end of the seasons do not generally correspond to their calendar dates, most of the days of these seasons occur in its calendar periods. The changes that have taken place have not only affected the length of the seasons, and these shifts have also changed the quality of the natural seasons.
Keywords: Climate change, natural seasons, cluster analysis, Rayman model of the qualitative conditions” created in them, compared to the past climatic periods. “Meteorological Organization” data has been used in this research. Forty years of received data, was divided into two groups of 20. Applying SPSS, each group was divided into four stages representing each seasons. From these stages, the beginning time and the end of seasons were determined and the accuracy of the obtained dates was controlled with the comfort indicators of the Rayman model. The results of the comparison of seasons in two time series indicated that, the changes occurred in natural seasons from an almost non-existent one in all stations. Climatic seasons in Iran are not compatible with the summer season and climate change, especially the change in temperature in recent decades, has caused changes and shortening of seasons. Most of the days in these seasons occur during its monthly periods, although the beginning and end of the seasons generally do not match their calendar dates. Changes have not only affected the duration of the season, and these changes have also led to a change in the natural quality of the season.

In this study, the actions and interactions between the city and the border were studied and explained. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method in library and field method. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population consists of one percent of the population of border towns of Zahedan, Mirjaveh, Dost Mohammad, Khash and Saravan(N=8092). Using Cochran formula, 367 people were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed using Structured Analytical Model (SOWT-ANP). Findings and results showed.the most important effective factor on city-boundary relations is social factors with a mean of 3.55 and among weaknesses, Most affected were social weaknesses with a mean of 3.63 and among the opportunities examined, economic and managerial factors with a mean of 3.53 and Finally, they have the most impact on all types of threats, injuries and social threats with an average of 3.75. Also, the use of the method(F.ANP)in this study showed that the highest weight related to the threat factor was "management", which gained 7.9% of the final weight and took the first place. "Establishing economic, political and environmental security to deal with crises, attacks and ... (ST2)" is the most desirable strategy of deciding on the issue of zero value. And the strategy of "non-cooperation and interruption of cross-border relations with neighbors (WT1)" has been identified by experts as the worst strategy in this regard. Therefore, it can be said that among the factors (SWOT) "threats and challenges" in security and management dimensions is the most influential factor And the real gap between the "opportunities" is the key to improving the relationships between cities and territories. Also, from the standpoint of sustainable development management (institutional and structural) factors with the highest degree of importance and social, economic and environmental factors are ranked next.

This study examines the principles and criteria that lead to the adoption of a city - a case study: Sahebgharraniyeh Tehran district - is underway. The NLAS method has been used as the main research method and indicator in this research. In this research, we tried to evaluate the methodology of the NLAS method in Sahebgharriyeh neighborhood using the method of analysis of the hierarchical method of analysis of the NLAS method and to analyze the status of living in Sahebgharrani neighborhood based on the received responses and their analysis. Detailed analyzes based on factor analysis and hierarchical analysis method show that Sahebqaranieh's habitat status is based on three indicators of facilities and services, local economy dynamics and visual landscape situation and environmental pollution and its related components. After summing up Related items and calculation of general indices indicate that the local economy's dynamics indices with a mean of 0.96 and T-value of 968 / resulted in decreasing the viability of Sahebqaraniye neighborhood. But with 95 percent confidence, Sahebgharriyeh neighborhood can be considered as individual and social security indexes, identity and sense of place belonging, facilities and services needed, and the status of the visual landscape and the environmental pollution of the habitat.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of social responsibility on emotional and behavioral responses of tourists after failure of services in four-star and five-star hotels. The research method is practical  obgectively and descriptive and analytical methodology. The statistical population of the study was contained tourists who visited four-star and five-star hotels, and the sample size was estimated 384 people by the Cochran formula, sampling method was simple random. The data gathering tool was the questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. For investigating and testing of the research hypotheses was used structural equation modeling in the software environment, pls. The results of the research indicated that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on loyalty, satisfaction and trust of tourists. In addition, findings showed that the satisfaction and trust of tourists have a positive and significant effect on their loyalty.

The attachment to the place is the emotional relationship of the individual to the place, which is rooted in the person's past qualities and experiences that the place should be able to meet the needs and expectations of the individual, and also the place must meet the capacity to meet those needs and expectations. The attachment to the location is based on the cognitive, emotional, and functional interaction between individuals, groups, and physical-social location over time. The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analysis method to analyze the results of research on attachment to the place. In order to perform a meta-analysis, 75 researches were conducted in this regard. Among the 18 studies conducted during the years 2006-2019, in the field of attachment to the place were selected. In the first step, the evaluation of selected research, homogeneous assumptions and publication error was studied; accordingly, the findings indicated the heterogeneity of the size of the effect and the non-dominance of the published studies. In the second step, the coefficient of effect size was evaluated using the second version of CMA software. The results showed that the size of the effect or coefficient of influence of the identified factors is 0/376, which is evaluated according to the Cohen's interpretation system. Overall, the results indicate that the identified factors have a moderate effect on attachment to the location.

According to statistics, about 300,000 disabled people live in Iran. There are about 25,738 disabled people in Ardabil province. This calls for attention to macro-planning for the disabled. This planning involves cognitive and spatial analysis of the status of the disabled people in different parts of the country. The purpose of this study was to analyze more precisely the situation of the spatial dispersion of the disabled and their relationship with different regions of the cities of Ardabil to address further the problems of accessing urban services and creating better living conditions for people with disabilities. In the present study, indicators such as age, gender, the status of residence, type and severity of disability, marital status, education and employment were analyzed using spatial statistics analysis. Also, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model has been used to measure the relationship between the extent of development and disability. Findings of the research show that there is no relationship between the extent of development and disability in Ardabil province. The number of disabled males is higher than that of the disabled females in all cities. Disabled people in Ardabil province are young and 91.55% of them are illiterate and close to 96.74% of them are facing unemployment problems. In almost all cities of Ardabil province (73.98), there are severe to very severe disabilities and there is no specific order among different cities in the province of Ardabil regarding the type of disability, and various disabilities have been dispersed in the province.

The national strength of algebraic aggregation is a large number of positive and negative factors that are composed of numerous sources and resources. One of the important sources of national power in the world today and in the post-Cold War period is economic power, which is itself the bedrock of other superstructures, such as political, military, and so on. This research uses descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and field research to answer this question. What are the most important variables and indicators that shape economic power of countries? The findings of the research by examining library documents show that the four main components of economic power including infrastructure, production exchange, production level and financial resources can affect economic power. Meanwhile, 61 variables related to quadruple components were identified. Then, by using the Likert spectrum questionnaire, internal knowledge was measured to measure the importance of each of these variables. Accordingly, economic infrastructure, high-tech exports, food imports and international currency reserves were of high importance. On the other hand, variables such as the share of the poor in the consumption of national income, economic competition, foreign ownership, and commercial costs of violent crimes were of minor importance. Finally, it can be argued that countries have an obligation to take into account the factors and variables in the economic dimension to achieve their national interests and interests.