Identifying the level and trend of social capital among the people of a society can help to identify the social and cultural changes of that. The purpose of this study is to explain the development of social capital in urban water crisis management using factor analysis. This research is of applied-developmental type and descriptive-survey study method. The questionnaire is used to collect information and SPSS software and exploratory analysis statistical test is used to analyze the data. The statistical population includes the countrychr('39')s crisis and water supply managers (15 people chosen by targeted sampling); Also, all residents of Karaj during 1396 - 1395, which was used as a statistical sample using the Cochranchr('39')s table for 350 people, of which 44.3% were women and 55.7% were men. The results of statistical analysis showed that in people (sampled) of statistical population’s opinion the level of social capital was lower than what desired. Also, the factors involved in the development of social capital for the water shortage crisis were counted and measured in the form of 24 variables. And finally 5 items eliminated to be effective ones to development of social capital in crisis management of urban water which are ( in order of preferences ) social trust, motivating policies, change in attitude atmosphere, infrastructures of interactions and values in the society, mutual reconciliation between people and government

Social sustainability today, as the most important dimension of sustainable development, has an important place in urban planning and its importance in planning is constantly increasing with the increase of social problems and divergence between neighborhoods in terms of performance and participation. Therefore, this requires more research in urban studies. This study was conducted to investigate the role of social participation in the development of social sustainability in neighborhoods. For this purpose, the significance of the significant effect of these two variables has been measured. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was library and field method. The statistical population of the study consists of a group of experts who were selected by the available method of 20 people as the sample size of the study. Data collection tool is a questionnaire based on theoretical foundations and studies conducted on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using structural equations with the help of Emus software. The results showed that the social participation of citizens in neighborhoods with a coefficient (beta) of 0.732 has a positive effect on sustainable social development of these neighborhoods and the relationship between these two variables is significant. In other words, sustainable social development will be strengthened by strengthening social participation. And the variables of sense of belonging, satisfaction with the neighborhood, participation in neighborhood activities and trust also have a positive effect on the variables of social participation in neighborhoods.

Vitality is one of the main components in design, but it is a complex and multifaceted concept that overlaps in its physical, social and economic dimensions. Therefore, in this paper, according to the theoretical vacuum of this concept in architecture and considering its interdisciplinary nature, using the model of various types of communication and types of vitality, the fields of psychology and sociology were selected for comparative study of vitality. Then, by using the comparative method by juxtaposing the differences and similarities of vitality in the field of psychology and sociology with definitions in architecture and urban planning, as well as examining the difference between vitality and other similar concepts in architecture and urban planning, including quality. Life, viability, and sustainability were ultimately represented by the definition of vitality and the model of environmental vitality. Therefore, the present study was performed with interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach, comparative method and logic of deductive reasoning, which is explained in terms of theoretical purpose and type of results. The purpose of this study is to answer questions about the definition of environmental vitality, the appropriate approach to research on vitality, the appropriate scale of vitality research, the factors affecting environmental vitality and its evaluation methods.
 
Key word: Happiness, social vitality, comparative study, environmental vitality

Rural management has always undergone various changes. Today, this pillar is the responsibility of the rural municipality Foundation. The purpose of forming this institution is to have a strong executive force in order to develop rural areas. rural municipality, as the executor of village programs and projects, has an important role in reducing urban and rural inequalities and improving the development of the village. Determining the degree of success of rural municipality in performing tasks is possible when its performance is carefully measured. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of rural municipality Foundation in terms of economic, social and environmental indicators in rural areas of Sarbisheh. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of heads of households (1931 households) in 30 villages with rural areas. The sample size at the level of heads of households was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 320 people. The result of one-sample t-test showed that the best performance of rural areas is significantly less than 0.05 in terms of social indicators with an average of 3.78. Also, a significant difference was observed between the studied villages in the field of social indicators with a significant level (0.008), economic indicators with a significant level equal to (0.004) and environmental-physical indicators with a significant level (0.047). In terms of social performance, Dehneh Chah village with an average of 4.43, in terms of economic and environmental performance, Baghestan village with an average of 3.90 and 4.16 are in first place. The study of paired t-test with a significance level of less than 0.05 and an average difference of (-1.271) indicates that the situation of rural development indicators has become more appropriate after the establishment of the rural municipality Foundation.
Keywords: Dehyariha performance, economic, social and environmental indicators, rural areas, Sarbisheh.

Housing design plays a crucial role in sustainable social development as cities face numerous challenges due to various changes in the physical landscape. Therefore, it is imperative to establish appropriate design indicators for residential towers. This study aims to investigate the design indicators for sustainable social development in residential towers in the metropolis of Tehran. The research method employed is descriptive-analytical and applied in nature. The statistical population for this study consists of architectural experts who are members of the Tehran Organization. According to the Engineering System Organization, the statistical population comprises 22,000 experts and members of the Tehran Engineering System Organization. The sample size was determined to be 384 individuals based on the Morgan table. The results of the Friedman test indicate that designing open spaces for art, culture, games, and entertainment in towers promotes interactions and a sense of belonging, while mitigating the negative effects of industrial life on residents. This aspect was found to have the highest weightage of 17.81. Additionally, the flexibility in tower design and overcoming structural constraints through solutions such as strip design and atrium design, along with facilitating proper access and installation of open spaces, contribute to sustainable development and enhance residents' satisfaction. This indicator obtained a weightage of 17.51. Furthermore, the effective management of towers and the design of suitable social spaces on roofs and ground floors (interactive, sports, cultural, and artistic) have a significant impact on reducing tower-related issues and promoting vitality and public participation. This indicator ranked third with a weightage of 17.42. Consequently, sustainable social development is closely linked to the design of residential towers.

Natural disasters cause severe financial and human damage. Crisis management means purposefully shifting the flow of affairs in a controllable manner with the intention of returning things to pre-crisis conditions as soon as possible. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to present a model of social capital development in urban water crisis management.The study method is descriptive-survey. In order to collect information, interviews and questionnaires were used and for data analysis, SPSS software, AHP analysis method, regression and T were used. Statistical community including crisis and water crisis managers; Also, all residents of Karaj were in the period between 1396 and 1395, which was estimated as a statistical sample of 350 people using Cochran's table.The results of statistical analysis showed that from the perspective of statistical sample individuals, the amount of social capital was lower than the desired level. Also, the relationship between social capital indicators was significant. Also, the results of couple comparison of main criteria using AHP analysis prioritized the indicators of social trust with 0.433 coefficient, incentive policy criterion and change in attitude space with 0.355 coefficient, criterion The interactive and value infrastructure of the society with a coefficient of 0.277, the interaction with a coefficient of 0.203, and finally the criterion of non-alienation with the government with a coefficient of 0.199 showed the fifth priority.The study shows that countries' ability to deal with crises has a lot to do with crisis management policy, promoting social capital in society and developing a spirit of cooperation and motivating participation among the people is one of the important solutions.

Industrialization and modernization have had a significant impact on various aspects of society including architecture, urban planning, environment, climate, and geography. This impact is evident in phenomena such as the construction of high rise buildings, climate inversion, and environmental degradation. Many of the problems observed in recent decades can be attributed to population growth, migration, and changing needs of citizens. As a result, city managers and architects face significant challenges. The main objective of this article is to conduct a theoretical study on the use of residential towers, with a particular focus on sustainable social development and its implications for environmental protection in Tehran. This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and has both applied and theoretical purposes. It is also part of a survey that employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The sample size for this study was 384 participants, and data were collected using questionnaires. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The most significant finding of this research is that population growth has fueled the construction of tall buildings, which in turn has contributed to issues such as excessive consumption of natural resources and fossil fuels, destruction of natural habitats, decline in social interactions, climate change, increased traffic congestion, and heightened air pollution. These issues have become a complex and seemingly insurmountable crisis.

In the creation of urban space, there is always an exchange of ideas about what the space is now and how it should exist, by those who live in that place. So improvement in its harsh reality is realized in some of their thoughts in the form of a physical change in the current environment - and urban regeneration is one such form. Considering the increase in the number of urban regeneration projects in recent decades, it is very important to pay attention to the social dimensions in it. On this basis, social capital, as one of the social potentials of the neighborhood, is a concept that has gained special importance in regeneration. Considering the necessity of the subject, this research has analyzed the role of social capital on the regeneration of urban neighborhoods. The applied research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and the main goal of this research is to analyze the role of social capital in the regeneration of Islamabad Karaj neighborhood among the residents of the neighborhood. In this regard, the data collection in the theoretical part was based on the documentary method and in the practical part, the survey was based on the questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is made up of people over 15 years of age living in a neighborhood of over 25,000 people using a simple random sampling method, so a sample of 410 people was selected from this population using Cochran's formula. For data analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used using spss software. The results showed a strong correlation between social capital and urban regeneration in Karaj neighborhood of Islamabad. The implications of this research on the relationship between social capital and urban regeneration increase the need to pay attention to the components of social capital and adopt policies to maintain and promote it in order to ensure successful urban regeneration in the neighborhood of Islamabad Karaj.