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Abstract
Due to the increasing importance of tourism, determining the location of Bojnourd is an inevitable necessity. The city of Bojnourd has been affected by this phenomenon by having special capabilities and opportunities for tourism in different economic, social, environmental and physical dimensions. The present research is of applied type and is a descriptive-analytical research method. SPSS, AMOS and Expert choice software were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Bojnourd. The sample size was calculated to be 384 people using the Cochran's formula and was randomly distributed in Bojnourd. Research findings show; With 95% confidence, tourism development has affected the urban development of Bojnourd.
Also, among the variables explaining urban development, the growth of cultural services with a factor load of 0.67 had the highest correlation with the hidden variable of urban development. The index of development of infrastructure and construction facilities and services with a factor load of 0.66 is in the second place and the variable of improving the livelihood of residents with a factor load of 0.56 is in the next place. Finally, the index of increase in public services has a factor of 0.52 and has the lowest correlation with its hidden variable. The results of the structural model also show this Tourism has played an important role in the urban development of Bojnourd.

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از مسائل مهم حاکم بر مدیریت و برنامه­ریزی شهرهای ما، نگرش فرم محور است؛ یعنی می خواهند مسائل شهرها را عمدتاً از طریق تغییرات کالبدی حل کنند و در مطالعات خود بر ویژگی های فیزیکی تاکید دارند. در مقابل این نگرش، دیدگاه فرایند محور قرار دارد که سعی می کند فرایندها را بیشتر مورد تحلیل قرار دهد زیرا این فرایندها هستند که فرم­ ها را به وجود می ­آورند. هدف پژوهش این است که بر روی فرایندها و علل در محلات تاریخی شهر اصفهان تاکید شود و نگرش فرایند محور به عنوان حلقه مفقوده برنامه­ریزی شهرهای ما مورد توجه ویژه خواهد بود. پژوهش حاضر به روش ترکیبی انجام شده است تا از این طریق از مزایای هر دو روش کیفی و کمی بهره گیریم. در روش تحقیق کیفی، داده ­ها از روش­های مصاحبه، مشاهده و مطالعات کتابخانه ­ای جمع­آوری شده است و در روش تحقیق کمی از آزمون تی  تک نمونه­ای استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­ دهد فرایندهای جغرافیایی موثر در شکل­ گیری فرم­ها در محلات تاریخی شهر اصفهان عبارتند از: «وجود حیاط مرکزی در مساکن»، «امکان  ارتباط با عناصر طبیعی مانند درخت، آب و نور طبیعی»، «امکان تماشای آیات الهی مانند آسمان، خورشید، ماه و ستارگان»، «اهمیت منابع آبی مانند زاینده­ رود، قنات و مادی­ ها در آفرینش فضاها»، «هماهنگی با اقلیم گرم و خشک»، «اهمیت باغ های خصوصی و خانگی» و «رعایت حریم عناصر طبیعی مانند حریم چاه، قنات، مادی و غیره». از میان  فرایندهای مورد مطالعه نیز «اهمیت منابع آبی مانند زاینده ­رود، قنات و مادی­ ها در آفرینش فضاها» با میانگین 4 بیشترین میانگین را به خود اختصاص داده و مهم ­ترین فرایند موثر در شکل­ گیری فرم­ ها در محلات تاریخی شهر اصفهان می­ باشد.
 

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Security complex represents a unique group of countries where the process of "security building" and "making insecure" or both for this group of countries are increasingly related with each other. In other words, their main security concern is so intertwined that their security problems cannot be solved independently. Thus conceived, "hydropolitic complexes" include those countries which are geographically the owner and from technical point of view, are the user of part of the shared river. In fact, a group of the countries which are considered to be part of a region due to their water resources (rivers, lakes and aquifers), would have no common geographical borders but their "national security" and "hydropolitic security" are so interrelated that their security and hydropolitc problems cannot be resolved without their cooperation. The methodology of current descriptive-analytic study focused on Mesopotamia and Hirmand drainage basins (in parts of Iran), is grounded on the hypothesis that in a hydropolitic complex in the same way that the threatening of water security of each one of the member states might lead to the threatening of national security of other members, some threats can be posed against the water security of each one of the member states due to the threatening of the national security of other members. The data required for this research have been collected using library sources (books, journals and internet). The results of this study showed that how hydropolitic security is endangered following the eruption of insecurity in Afghanistan. At Tigris and Euphrates Basin, the climate changes and Turkey's inattention to hydropolitic security of Syria (by closing the floodgates of the dams) provided the ground for the emergence of internal crisis in Syria, and its reverberations posed serious threats against the security of Turkey, Iraq and Iran.

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Abstract
Providing suitable urban spaces, especially open and natural spaces, has an undeniable effect on achieving health-oriented cities and especially ensuring the mental health of citizens. The aim of this study was to investigate and explain the effect of social indicators of public spaces on the mental health of citizens. This research is applied in terms of purpose type and descriptive-analytical method. A survey method (questionnaire) was used to collect research data. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Ardabil. The sample size was estimated to be 384 using the Cochran's formula. The research hypotheses were tested through structural equations using Amos software. The results showed that social factors have a positive and significant effect on the mental health of citizens in public spaces of the city. The value of the path coefficient obtained for the effect of the social factor on the mental health of citizens is equal to 0.52 so that this factor is able to predict 0.27 of the variance of the dependent variable, ie the mental health of citizens. The results also showed that social indicators, namely security, social relations and sociability of urban public spaces have a positive and significant effect on the mental health of citizens. Among social indicators, security index has the highest coefficient of path.

 
 
 

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Among the many kinds of natural hazards, earthquake is one of the rare events that human science has not yet been able to control or even predict. Physical structure conditions of human settlements play an important role in vulnerability to this natural disaster. The purpose of this article is to investigate natural and physical characteristics of Kuhdasht in terms of earthquake vulnerability. The city with a population of 90,000 and an area of about 540 ha, locates in the west of Lorestan province, Iran. The data are provided from GIS file of 2016 Iranian Public Census of Population and Housing, GIS files of Kuhdasht land use and GIS files of Iran faults and lithology.  A few layers have been added to these files through observation. It is used Arc-Map 10-8 to combine layers and produce maps. Then we used Excel software to do statistical analysis on data tables. Findings showed that the site of study area locates in a middle risk zone of earthquakes, but its close distance to active faults can be a warning for occurring destructive earthquakes. High proportion of non-resistant buildings, high density of buildings in some parts of the city and the presence of two gas stations in the middle of residential buildings, are the most important components of Kuhdasht vulnerability. In contrast, plenty of open spaces, high proportion of non-apartment houses, low population density and permeability of passages are important strengths in this regard. The central part of the city from which the city originated, is more vulnerable than the other parts. Due to the existence of the trade centers here, it is necessary to pay more attention to in future plans.

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Temperature is one of the basic elements of climate, so its sudden or short-term and long-term changes can change the climate structure of any place. Intense heat waves are one of the most important climatic disasters that have far-reaching effects on various human activities and when they are of high intensity and frequency, they can produce major problems. In this study, to investigate the trend of 49-year frequency series (1970-1970) of hot wave events in Tehran, from two indices of hot days and hot waves (hot days lasting 2 days or more), non-parametric statistics of Sens trend analysis were used. All stations indicate an increasing trend both in the number of hot days in Tehran and in the frequency of hot wave events in 5 stations in Tehran. In this study, two hot waves were identified in Tehran, the first wave in 2010 covered a large part of the central and western parts of the country and the second wave in 2013, which was in all stations of Tehran and even many provinces. Are registered in the country. The results of spatial analysis of hot wave temperature in the statistical blocks of Tehran showed that generally the central areas of Tehran, including areas 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 4, 7, and 19 significantly It has been affected by the critical temperatures caused by the warm wave rule, while the northern parts of Tehran have been affected by the lower intensities of the hot wave.

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The occurrence of torrential rains in April 2017 in Lorestan province was a clear example of heavy rains that left very heavy damage to agricultural, urban, transportation and communications infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to investigate and reveal the relationship between the physical structure of clouds producing two waves of heavy rainfall in April 2017 in the Doroud catchment area of ​​Boroujerd. In this regard, the statistical characteristics of two precipitation waves on March 25 and April 1, 2019 were analyzed. The supernatural properties of the clouds producing these two heavy rainfall waves were investigated using the Madis superconductor product, MOD06. 4 Microphysical factors of generating clouds These two waves of heavy rainfall in the Doroud-Borujerd basin, including cloud peak temperature (CTT), cloud peak pressure (CTO), optical cloud thickness (COT) and cloud cover ratio (CF) were analyzed. Statistics of these two waves of heavy rainfall showed that in the first wave of heavy rainfall, ie the wave of March 25, 2019, (5 April 1398) 15% of the total annual rainfall and in the second wave, the wave of April 1, 2019 (April 12, 1398) 20% of the total The total average annual rainfall of the region was recorded in these two days. The results of analyzing the microphysical structure of the generating clouds of these two precipitation waves using the MODSI cloud sensor product data showed that the four microphysical factors of the cloud showed a significant spatial correlation with the recorded precipitation values ​​of these two heavy precipitation waves. The two factors of temperature and pressure of cloud peak, which show a vertical expansion of clouds in the area, showed a significant inverse relationship with the amount of precipitation in the basin, while the two factors of cloud ratio and cloud optical thickness have a direct and significant spatial correlation with values. Recorded rainfall showed. The results of this study showed that in these two events of heavy rainfall, a significant and strong relationship was established between the microphysical structure of the cloud and the amount of rainfall recorded in the region.
 

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The quality of the urban environment is one of the important indicators of the development of any city. In this regard, the type of pattern that can be used in cities can have a great impact that biophilic urban planning is one of the most important patterns due to its relationship and centrality with nature. The purpose of this study is to explain the environmental quality criteria of Tehran according to the components of biophilic urban planning. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the elite community and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the study also consists of urban experts and specialists, including academics and experts in Tehran. Due to the lack of statistics in this area, coronary and cost constraints, 120 experts were selected as the sample size. The results showed that the structural-functional, content and physical-spatial indicators of the quality of Tehran's urban environment based on biophilic urban planning were significant at a level of less than 0.05. The study of the mean and significant direction indicates the weakness of these indicators and lack of attention to biophilic urban planning in the planning of this city. Also, the results of structural equation modeling confirmed that the structural-functional, content and physical-spatial indices of biophilic urban planning can be effective in improving the quality of Tehran's urban environment. . Therefore, biophilic urban planning has not been emphasized in the planning model of Tehran, but the results indicate their effectiveness in improving the quality of the city's environment if used.
 

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Water scarcity is considered to be the root of underdevelopment and poverty and has the potential to shape the feeling of poverty and deprivation in individuals and society. Accordingly, this study aims to explain the connection between "feeling of relative deprivation" and "hydropolitical relations", while studying the construction process of Gauvshomar dam in Lorestan province, question; How does not building a dam affect the formation of a sense of relative deprivation in the people of an area? Follow up. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a quantitative and qualitative approach and based on documentary-library studies and field observation. The questionnaire is a measurement tool and SPSS analysis tool. Indicators used in research (economic, social, cultural, environmental-physical, political-security). The results showed that the lack of construction of the dam has increased the feeling of relative deprivation in terms of economic, social, cultural, environmental-physical, political-security and in general the formation of dissatisfaction in the people of the study area.
 

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Abstract
The catchment area of ​​Alamut River in Qazvin province is witnessing numerous landslide hazards and landslides every year, which cause significant economic and sometimes life-threatening losses. Diagnosing the unstable areas of slopes through soil texture characteristics is a difficult task due to the difficulties of obtaining soil samples in mountainous areas. For this reason, in the present study, by using Sentinel A1 radar data, by determining the percentage of clay and sand in the soil, the soil texture map at the depths of 10, 60, 100 and 200 cm with two random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms was produced in the eastern Alamut region, which was verified with soil profile samples. The results indicated that the Kappa index was more accurate in the RF model at three depths of 10, 60 and 100 cm. Then, by extracting the soil moisture map from Sentinel 2 data, at the same time as examining the internal friction angle of the types of soils in the region, comparing the slope and profile of the slopes and the shape of the convex (divergent) and concave (convergent) slopes, the unstable areas of slope movements, RF and SVM models were specified and validated with GPS data, field visits and Google Earth. Research findings show that the instability map resulting from the RF model has a higher accuracy (AUC=0.93) than the instability map resulting from the SVM model (AUC=0.90) and there is more instability in areas with medium to high slope and with soil texture of sandy clay loam and sandy loam. . This method has many advantages in preparing the soil texture map, determining the unstable areas of the slopes against mass movements and landslides, determining the vulnerable areas in mountainous areas and reducing financial and human losses.
 

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In recent years, urban regeneration has been proposed as an approach for modernizing the urban environment. Sustainable urban regeneration is a comprehensive approach to restore social, physical, economic and environmental development to urban areas. Considering the important effects of urban space optimization on the quality of life of citizens, especially people with disabilities in public places, sustainable urban development is a necessity. In this study, spatial quality of Tehran 6th region has been analyzed due to physical limitations of people with motor disabilities. In order to collect data, library and survey methods have been used. The statistical society of this study is immobile and aquadroplasia patients. For this purpose, a questionnaire has been completed by patients with aquadroplasia and motor disability. Using single-sample T-test, spatial quality component analysis and urban regeneration services were performed in the form of physical-spatial, functional-service, content characteristics indices. Then, using Pearson correlation analysis and regression, the relationships between indices and their impact on the quality of urban environment in district 6 were identified. The results of single sample T-test showed that the quality and satisfaction of the urban environment of district 6 are not at a high level in terms of immobility residents. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that at the level of physical-spatial characteristics, in the sub-index area of access and roads organization has the greatest effect of B=0.518 on citizens' satisfaction. At the functional-service characteristics level, social welfare services sub-index (B=0.531) has the greatest impact. At the content characteristics level, environmental health sub-index =0.680 and B=0.627 have the highest effect. The importance of indicators varies from person to person and from neighborhood to neighborhood according to their individual abilities and needs, but as the findings suggest, for the needs of people with disabilities in district 6, some measures have not been taken to optimize the urban environment of this area for social comfort, environment.

 

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. All the interested and influential forces are in the administration of the cities and also respond to all the needs of these groups. On the other hand, women, as one of the main and most influential groups and social forces in the civil life of cities, today have a prominent role in the categories related to city administration. Therefore, the purpose of this article is the role of good urban governance in the corona and post-corona period, considering the position of women in Semnan. From the point of view of the goal, the present research is practical and according to the method of data collection, it is descriptive-survey. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and information of this research. The statistical population of the current research is the citizens of Semnan with a population of 185,129 people, and the sample size is calculated using Cochran's formula to be equal to 383 people. To analyze the data, single-sample t-tests and multivariate linear regression were used, and finally, to generalize the results from the sample to the statistical population, the structural equation modeling method was used by Lisrel software. The results of the one-sample t-test have shown that the t-values for each of the research variables with averages lower than the theoretical mean have been obtained as a negative number, which has determined the state of the dimensions of good urban governance in the city. Semnan and the position of women in it is not in a good position. Also, the results of structural equations in Lisrel software have shown that the justice variable has the highest and strongest relationship with good urban governance. Finally, the results of the surveys show; It is not possible to hope for the realization of good urban governance without defining and explaining the practical role of women as half of the city's citizens and one of the most important and influential groups in the administration of city affairs.

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It has a complex and multi -dimensional conceptual life and guarantees the performance of the ecosystem from the smallest unit to the surface of the Earth, or in other words from local levels to world levels, and its patterns are quite different from one region to region. In this regard, in the past three decades, in addition to the human impacts, the use of harmful resources and industries, the vulgarity of the ozone, the greenhouse, the greenhouse and the effects of the phenomena, and the phenomena of the city, Various environmental and environmental and remedies have been increased, which has increased melods to zero. For this purpose, in this study, it has been attempted to identify and analyze the key propellers affecting biodiversity by emphasizing the environmental indicators in Tehran's 11 metropolitan area. In this study, with the technique of environmental and Delphi dynamics, 57 primary factors were extracted in eleven different areas and then, using the Delphi method of managers, the matrix of the components of the components was formed. Next, the matrix analysis has been analyzed through the Michemac software. The results of the distribution of variables on the axis of influence and influence of the factors in the Micmac software indicate the system's instability within the scope of the study, and therefore five categories of variables were identified. Finally, due to the high direct and indirect effect of factors, seven key factors were identified as key factors in the field of biodiversity, with emphasis on the environmental indices of the region. Among the preferences under consideration, the variables of public transport status (speed, accuracy, confidence, security, security, convenience, economic affordability) and public access to the green space had the highest impact on the biodiversity in the study area.
 

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sudden stratospheric warming has an obvious effect on the Earth's surface climate. In this research, the changes in precipitation during the occurrence of this phenomenon have been investigated. For this purpose, after revealing the warmings that occurred during the studied period (1986-2020), 18 warmings were identified. The 5th decile and 9th decile of precipitation were calculated for the precipitation data of 117 stations. And the size of the difference from the normal rainfall was checked in two ways. First, the precipitation at the time of warming was compared with the long-term average, and then the trend of changes in precipitation at three times before thewarming, at the same time as the warming, and after the warming was finished. Finally, these results were obtained. Warmings according to the month in which they occur; They have a different effect on the amount of precipitation. In the sudden stratospheric warming that occurred in December, January and February, the northwest experiences the most rainfall changes and is above normal, and the probability of rainfall above the 9th decile increases up to 65%. Western and southwestern regions also have higher than average rainfall and the probability of heavy rainfall is high. Precipitation on the shores of the Caspian Sea shows an inverse relationship with sudden stratospheric warming, so in all the investigations of this research, the lack of precipitation at the time of warming in these areas is significant. Southern regions have less than normal rainfall in all sudden stratospheric warming events. The center of Iran has higher than average rainfall in the sudden stratospheric warming months of March. Eastern Iran also has heavy rains compared to normal during the sudden stratospheric warming months of March.