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The basic purpose of this research is to reveal the physical development process of the new city of Sahand, as one of the new cities of the country, using Landsat satellite images during the statistical period of 1401-1373. In this regard, satellite images required for 4 statistical periods of 1373, 1383, 1393, and 1401 were obtained from two Landsat 5 and 8 satellites. By running a band calculation function on the images of TM and OLI sensors, the values ​​of the physical changes of the urban fabric during the investigated time steps in Sahand city were calculated and extracted. The results of this research indicated that the physical growth and development of the city of Sahand has started since 2013. This year, the area of ​​the urban fabric has reached 282 hectares, which is a 28-fold increase compared to 2013. But in the next decade, i.e. 2013, the area of ​​the city reached 570 hectares with a 100% growth compared to the previous decade, and finally, in the last decade, the area of ​​the city reached 850 hectares with a growth rate of 50%. District 6 of Sahand city, which accounts for about 35% of the physical fabric of the city, has been one of the fastest growing areas of the city during the decades of 1393-1400. Considering that a significant correlation at the confidence level of 0.95 (P_value=0.05) was revealed between the population growth and the physical development of Sahand during the statistical period of 1380-1400 (R=0.91), therefore, the fitted regression model between the population growth And the growth of the urban fabric, by placing the proposed population density of this city after the implementation of Mehr housing policies (185 thousand people), it showed that the area of ​​the physical fabric of this city will reach 1181 hectares in the next decade and will face a growth of 38%.
 

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Shia political Islam, centered around Iran, is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that has undergone numerous transformations in recent decades. Understanding the future trends of this intellectual and political movement is of great importance to analysts, politicians, and the general public. This article employs a futures studies approach to examine the trends of Shia political Islam within Iran's political geography. This foresight approach allows us to look beyond the current situation and outline various scenarios for the future of politics and society in Iran. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library and documentary sources, including qualitative and quantitative analysis of historical data, expert interviews, and content analysis of media and religious texts. The research findings indicate that Shia political Islam in Iran's geography is undergoing a period of transformation, influenced by various factors such as demographic changes, social and economic developments, and geopolitical shifts. Several potential scenarios for the future of Shia political Islam in Iran's political geography are presented, including: the Continuity Scenario, the Reform Scenario, the Radicalism Scenario, and the Secularism Scenario. Considering these scenarios, the analysis of probable trends and events in the scenarios, and political and security developments with a view to challenges and opportunities in the Middle East region, the Islamic Republic of Iran, adhering to the Continuity Scenario along with the Reform Scenario, aims to strengthen republicanism (religious democracy) while emphasizing the preservation of independence and indigenous Islamic identity in the region, and to have a more prominent presence in the Middle East.
 

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Widespread and frequent droughts in recent decades in Khuzestan province have become one of the most important challenges of this province. The use of remote sensing products in temporal and spatial monitoring of drought can play a key role in managing this risk and reducing and adjusting its destructive effects. The main goal of this research is to provide a remote sensing index for temporal and spatial monitoring of drought in Khuzestan province and its validation using station meteorological drought indices. In this research, by using the products of vegetation (MOD13C2) and land surface temperature (MOD11C3) of MODIS sensor, a drought index based on vegetation called VHI plant health index was produced. SPI Meteorological Drought Index, which was based on station rainfall data during the statistical period of 2000-2012, was used to evaluate and quantify this index. The comparison of VHI drought index with three-month SPI meteorological drought index values showed a significant correlation between 0.68 and 0.75. By identifying 4 years with widespread and relatively severe drought in Khuzestan province (based on both VHI and SPI indices), which included the years 2000, 2005, 2012, 2015, the spatial distribution pattern of meteorological drought and VHI plant drought to In general, it indicated that the northern parts of the province were generally involved in mild to moderate droughts and the southern parts were generally involved in moderate to severe droughts. The spatial correlation matrix based on the number of 2500 pixels with dimensions of 5x5 km, which included VHI and SPI values of selected drought years, indicated the existence of a significant spatial correlation between the two mentioned indicators. In the widespread drought of 2000, at the level of Khuzestan province, two drought indices VHI and SPI, the correlation was equal to 0.47, and in 2005, equal to 0.35, and

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In order to evaluate the thermal comfort conditions in the classroom, a field study was conducted in Sabzevar. Students' thermal sensations of class conditions were recorded at different hours of the day during the 2009-2010 academic year for different classes. At the same time, the temperature and humidity values of the classes were collected by a Data logger. To examine the differences, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis methods were used. The results showed that the location of the classrooms in terms of geographical direction and building floor did not make a significant difference in the temperature and humidity, while the hourly differences of these parameters were significant.
In general, the responses related to the sensation of cooling had higher percentages than the state of heating (24% vs. 12%).
The thermal sensation in different months showed significant differences and the month of October had the lowest frequency in the feeling related to thermal comfort. In all months, except for October, the students' preferred was "heating". Although the performance of the heating system has been assessed as adequate, the operation time of this system should be done at a shorter distance from the start of morning classes to avoid wasting a significant portion of energy.
Although the temperature and humidity inside the classrooms did not show a significant monthly difference, but in terms of students' thermal sensation between different months, there was a statistically significant difference, therefore, the thermal sensation is something beyond physical characteristics (temperature and humidity) and In addition to being affected by climatic parameters, it is also strongly influenced by individual characteristics (sex, age, weight, height, clothing and activity level).

 

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Lefebvre's theory has received much attention in the field of space production, and its importance is especially in the fact that it is systematically integrated in the categories of city and space as a comprehensive and comprehensible social theory.

The traditional planning of land use is completely abstract and formal and devoid of perceptual and meaningful components, but Lefouri's trialectic approach is not like this and consists of three virtues (spatial practice-spatial representation and representational space) that are in communication with each other and collaboratively and at the same time in the moment. They form, produce a whole.This research has a descriptive and analytical method, and in terms of its purpose, it is fundamental. The changes caused by the arrival of new paradigms in the approaches of urban planning and urban design, which assigns a different nature to the strategic system of urban development changes, and on the other hand, new attention to space and finding the concept of living space to be important, it seems that Lefebvre's trialectic approach is contrary to traditional user planning. The land values ​​the everyday space and lived experience of the residents and can create spaces that increase the sense of place and sense of belonging of the residents to their living space.The review of the concepts shows that the concept of lived space (abstract-concrete space) was influenced by different approaches of the philosophy of science (interpretative and critical) and now it is witnessing an approach change (paradigm), which can show social transformations. This study shows that space-place (living space or space-love) is, unlike the previous definition of space based on positivist (mental and perceptual), abstract and generalist approaches, mainly a demarcated area of ​​space that has physical-concrete characteristics and It is formed and filled with meaning through human experience.

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The aim of the current research is to show the potential areas for autumn sugar beet cultivation in Golestan province according to temperature and precipitation parameters. For this purpose, temperature (daily) and precipitation (annual) statistics were used for a statistical period of 15 years (2006-2020). In order to analyze the data, the methods of thermal potential diagrams, deviation from optimal conditions, phenology and zoning of Golestan province in terms of the amount of irrigation during growth were used from the annual rainfall data. The results of temperature evaluation using the thermal potential method based on the thermal threshold showed zero, 4 and 10 degrees Celsius at the level of stations in Golestan province; Inche Brun station has the highest cumulative thermal unit and Aliabad Katul station has the lowest cumulative thermal unit. Examining the date of the probability of late spring frost at the level of 95% showed that due to its occurrence at the end of April in the center, east, north, northeast and west of Golestan province, it coincides with the phenological stage of root bulking and sugar accumulation. Also, based on the deviation from the optimal conditions in Golestan province, Inche Brun station was calculated to have the lowest deviation (-20.64). Also, in terms of phenology, in the stage of budding, six leaves, root bulking and sugar accumulation and full ripening of the autumn sugar beet plant in Golestan province, the favorable areas for autumn sugar beet cultivation in Golestan province were determined, including Gonbadkavus, Bandar Turkman, Kalaleh, Inche Brun and Bandar Gaz. Also, the evaluations in terms of rainfall according to the annual rainfall zoning map of Golestan province, it can be concluded that in terms of rainfall and water supply required for autumn sugar beet, there is not much limitation towards Golestan province, however, considering the recent multi-year droughts, the cultivation of this plant in the province needs additional irrigation for growth.

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Many sports consumers are concerned about environmental issues and have expressed interest in buying green products. However, the actual sale of green products is still not as expected. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental factors (attitude, concern and sense of environmental responsibility) on the purchase intention of environmentally friendly sports consumers. The present survey study collected information from 384 Iranian students using a seven-point Likert electronic questionnaire with 27 questions. The samples were selected using simple random sampling method. A total of 390 questionnaires were returned, of which 384 were approved. To analyze the data, PLS software was used for the reliability and validity of the model and to test the hypotheses of the structural model. The results showed that environmental attitude is an important driver of consumers' green purchasing behavior. Also, a statistically significant relationship between environmental responsibility and green purchasing behavior was obtained. But there was no statistically significant relationship between environmental concerns and green purchasing behavior. In addition, the relationship between individual green values with environmental attitude, environmental concerns, environmental responsibility and green purchasing behavior was statistically insignificant. For this purpose, companies can create a suitable image of environmental responsibility for their products in the minds of customers through appropriate strategies in the branding of their products, which makes them benefit from the support of customers who want to buy environmentally friendly products.

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The historical area of the cities is a valuable architectural and physical heritage and a manifestation of the cultural, economic and social aspects of the people who lived in this part of the city in historical periods and recorded its cultural identity. These areas have witnessed the decline in urban development and the few actions regarding their improvement or reconstruction have not been acceptable. advance The purpose of this research is an analysis of urban regeneration in the historical (old) context of Dezful city. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and survey. The statistical population of the current research is all the residents of the historical context of Dezful city, which according to the latest census of Iran Statistics Center, has a population of 29,277 people. In order to reach a reasonable sample size, 384 samples were determined using Cochran's formula and randomly selected in a stratified manner. The main tool of data collection in the current research; It is a questionnaire, but due to the specialization of the questionnaire, interview and observation methods have also been used in order to complete the questionnaires. The results of SWOT and QSPM models show that the first two of the five final strategies for re-creating the historical context of Dezful belong to offensive strategies. In this way, the study and design of the possibility of creating footpaths in the historical context according to the increasing desire of the people for cultural and historical tourism and the use of the border area of the Dez river for the development of green space and the design of the green corridor along the river and the historical context can be considered as important. proposed the most aggressive strategies.

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Urban development strategy is a new approach in urban planning and management, which can provide the basis for achieving sustainable urban development by reducing poverty, citizen participation and increasing investment. The purpose of this article is to measure the indicators of urban development strategy in Ardabil city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field investigations. The sample size was estimated to be 230 people using Sample Power software. For final evaluation and data analysis, one-sample T-tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used in AMOS Graphics software. The results of the single-sample T-test of the research showed that the status of urban development strategy indicators including livability, favorable governance, bankability and competitiveness in the studied territory with averages of 2.21, 2.6, 2.62, 2.15, in the state They are not acceptable. The results of the second-order factor model of the research showed that among the dimensions of the urban development strategy, the competitiveness dimension with a factor weight of 0.93 has the most effect and the banking dimension with a factor weight of 0.62 has the least effect in Ardabil city. Also, the findings of the research showed that with the increase of good urban governance index, the dimension of bankability increases by 0.55, the dimension of livability increases by 0.76, and the dimension of competitiveness increases by 0.86. Finally, it was determined that the attraction of investment in the city, satisfaction with the security of the banking system, the use of new technologies in banks, the expertise and skill of city managers and the accountability of city laws will have the greatest impact on the process of urban development strategy in Ardabil city.
 

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Undoubtedly, the development of tourism in any region requires a precise identification of the area and the provision of facilities and services needed by tourists, which is essential for the purpose of planning at all levels in order to achieve the successful development of tourism. This research deals with the pathology of service provision and prioritization of tourist destinations in terms of tourism potential in Zanjan province. The research was a combination of qualitative and quantitative, which was the method of collecting information in the form of interviews and questionnaires. In order to analyze the interviews from MaxQuda, the hierarchical analysis model was used to evaluate the criteria and the geographic model was used for the geographical distribution of tourist destinations. According to the findings of the research, Zanjan province, despite having suitable capacities for tourism, suffers from many problems such as lack of facilities, instability in policies to improve the quality of tourism services, and lack of management and planning in tourism development, and has not yet enjoyed proper progress in this field. The low general level of services and inconsistency in planning and different views on tourism are the two main problems of the tourism services sector in Zanjan province. But according to the geographical distribution, tourist destinations: Soltanieh dome, gen chimneys, Angoran mine, Oljaito ecotourism resort, Soltanieh ecotourist resort, boutique hotel, Zulfaqari mansion, El Daghi, Seyed Mohammad bridge, Zanjan Jame Mosque, Khedevi house, colorful mountains in the first cluster This means that the tourist destinations in question are surrounded by high capabilities and more population, which should be placed as priority areas in the planning and development of services.
 

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Iraq is considered the most important part of Iran's foreign policy. For Iranian policymakers, Iraq is a more critical and therefore more sensitive operational theater than other countries where Iran supports local militia groups. History has shown that events in Iraq can have important consequences for Iran's stability. Iraq continues to be a threat to Iran's national security, and that is why Iran seeks to shape Iraq's internal policy and strategic direction. Since 2003, Iran has skillfully infiltrated the Iraqi Shia population by taking advantage of the long common borders and cultural, religious and economic relations with Iraq. Iran's influence is multifaceted and includes access to a wide range of political and social actors. Therefore, this research seeks to investigate the different factors of geoculture in Iran-Iraq relations. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical method and Wizard software were used. The findings of the research showed that the divergent factors in geoculture relations between Iran and Iraq were in critical and semi-critical conditions. The robust scenario board consists of 8 different possible situations. Out of these 8 possible situations, 3 are critical, 1 is semi-critical, 1 is static, 2 are semi-optimal, and 1 is optimal. Meanwhile, it should be stated that the majority of Iranian and Iraqi citizens have a common religion, and that is Shia Islam. Hozas or seminaries in the religious cities of Qom in Iran and Najaf in Iraq are centers of Shiite education. However, they were developed under two distinct and competing traditions. Therefore, this factor could be used to improve the situation.

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A healthy city is an idea to prevent the development of various diseases through the issues of urban design and land use. Shiraz city and Fars province have the highest number of road and pedestrian accidents. Also, depression of the elderly is the basis of other diseases and requires social and health care and increasing awareness in this field to increase life expectancy and strengthen the sense of belonging in society. The present study was investigated to measure indicators and explain healthy urban spaces with a smart city approach in Shiraz city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical regarding its nature and method. The statistical population of the research was selected from a group of university experts and municipal employees to identify the ideas of the health-oriented city with the smart city approach. The collection of information required for research is based on detailed library studies. In this study, to analyze the data from an inferential method, the single-sample t-test; analysis of variance test (ANOVA); Scheffe's post hoc test, and factor analysis test were used. To analyze the data, SPSS software was used. The results showed that the indicators of this research are not in conflict with each other and play a role in the health of the citizens. Also, 11 factors have been identified as effective dimensions for a healthy city with a smart city approach, which are: air quality, social interaction, safety level, social participation, climatic comfort, social security, access to water, sewage, and waste management, social justice, urban green space, education, poverty, and employment. Finally, the hypotheses of the research have been confirmed.
 

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In this research, the most important synoptic patterns of widespread snowfall in the eastern half of Iran have been investigated. For this purpose, the current weather code data and snow depth of synoptic stations in the eastern half of the country during the statistical period of 1371-1400, for the months of October to March, were received from the country's meteorological organization. In order to investigate widespread snowfall, the days when more than 70% of the studied area saw snowfall at the same time were extracted as a widespread day. In order to perform synoptic-dynamic analysis of widespread snowfall in the eastern half of Iran, the classification method using cluster analysis was used and the maps of the representative days including atmospheric temperature, moisture flux, geopotential height, vorticity, front formation, jet stream, omega index and orbital and meridian wind data were drawn. Trend analysis was also performed using the Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that 3 patterns justify the snow cover in the studied area. These patterns are: high pressure in Siberia and central Europe-low pressure in eastern Iran, high pressure in western Iran-low pressure in Sudan, high pressure in central Europe-low pressure in eastern Iran and Afghanistan. In all the patterns in the middle of the atmosphere, the intensification of the meridian currents of the western winds along with the formation of high pressure and low-pressure centers has caused blocking in the path of the western currents and has provided the conditions for the ascent of the air. The concentration of the negative omega field and the relative positive advection, along with the location of the northeastern region of Iran in the left half of the outlet of the Subtropical Jet, have caused severe instabilities and widespread snowfall in the region. Also, the results showed that despite the absence of a trend in the number of snow days in the northeast of Iran, the number of snow days has decreased over time.
 

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In this research, the frequency of merging of the polar-front and subtropical jet streams and its effect on the amount of precipitation received from the atmospheric pattern in western Iran during the 10-year statistical period of 2010-2019 was investigated. Then, by coding in Grads, the maps of jet stream level 300 hPa were drawn with a time interval of 6 hours. During the statistical period, these two jet streams merged along their axis. By examining the frequency of the merging of two jet streams, it was found that until 2015, the frequency of the merging of two jet streams in December was an increasing trend and in 2016 and 2017, there was a decreasing trend. It has increased again in 2018 and 2019. In all cases, the merging of two jet streams has not resulted in heavy precipitation events (December 2011, 2014 and 2017). So, considering the heavy rainfall of 110 mm from Dehloran station, the date of 12th to 15th of December was chosen to analyze and understand the system that led to the occurrence of rainfall. From December 12 to 15, 2010, the decrease in air temperature over Europe and Southwest Asia led to a large meridional movement of the polar-front jet stream, which resulted in merging with the subtropical monsoon. On the 12th of December 2010, along with the medicalization of the polar-front jet stream and its penetration into the tropical regions, its velocity core merged with the core of the subtropical jet stream over the northern Arabian Peninsula, the Red Sea and northeastern Africa. The merging of these two jet streams has led to the vertical expansion of the jet to lower levels, and in the middle level of the atmosphere, very low meridional movement is observed. As a result, the Sudan low moves to higher latitudes and merges with the Mediterranean low pressure.

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Huge floods carrying enormous amounts of transported silt occur annually in the Talar River's catchment area in the province of Mazandaran. In order to investigate the sediment transport from the specified watershed, samples were collected at five different time intervals, specifically on May 22nd, 2018; May 20th, 2018; May 17th, 2018; and May 16th, 2018. The study focused on two dates, 17.11 and 5.11, and a specific stretch of land measuring 16.75 km between Darya Malakala-Najjarkala and Arab Roshan, located outside the urban area. The purpose was to analyse the patterns of sedimentation and erosion throughout a five-year period (2016-2021) using the HEC-RAS model. Inspected. The sediment transport and volume of sediment were analysed and studied based on the long-term statistics of the Kiakla hydrometric station. This analysis focused on flood conditions with return periods of 2, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years for the watershed of the station. The findings indicate that the cumulative sediment input at the start of the simulation period is 0.9 million tonnes lower than the total sediment at the end of the period. Additionally, the river is susceptible to erosion in the majority of situations. Furthermore, during the initial period (22.4-24.7), the sediment's mean height measures 11 cm, with a substantial sedimentation of 6 million tonnes. The deposition during the second period (2018-05-20) amounts to roughly 1 million tonnes. In the third quarter, there is a relatively consistent pattern. During the fourth phase, the erosion conditions, in terms of both depth and volume, are unsuitable for harvesting. During the fifth phase, which lasted from 11.5 to 16.75, the erosion amounted to approximately 8.3 million tonnes. The erosion height change in the fifth interval ranges from 10 to 20 cm. All distances are measured in km from the sea. Under such circumstances, sediment removal is unfeasible, but it is advisable to consider flood management and river engineering measures.

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In vast areas, the possibility of simultaneous access to satellite images with appropriate spatial resolution, such as Landsat images, is always a challenge. In addition, the temporal resolution of the Landsat satellite does not provide the possibility of examining short-term changes in phenomena such as vegetation. The aim of this research is to use the temporal and spatial fusion techniques of Landsat-8 and MODIS satellite images in preparing the Normalized Vegetation Detection Index (NDVI) map. For this purpose, six image fusion algorithms, including NNDiffuse (Nearest Neighbor Diffusion), PC (Principal Component), Brovey, CN (Color Normalized), Gram-Schmidt, and SFIM, have been used in an experimental area in Khuzestan province. After evaluating the results of the algorithms and choosing the most appropriate fusion algorithm, based on the statistical indicators of the spectral (correlation coefficient) and spatial (Laplacen filter) criteria of each of the algorithms, the spectral and spatial information of the reflection of red and near-infrared of 8 mosaicked Landsat-8 images (30 m) were combined with the red and near-infrared bands of one MODIS image (250 m). In order to investigate the vegetation cover, the NDVI was prepared with the fused satellite image in the Khuzestan province. The results of the research have shown that the NNDiffuse integration fusion algorithm has a very good accuracy among other algorithms in terms of the spatial evaluation index and spectral quality criteria. Therefore, this algorithm was recruited to combine the red and near-infrared bands of Landsat-8 and MODIS images. Compared to the original Landsat-8 image, the NDVI map prepared by this algorithm has the lowest statistical error of RMSE (0.1234) and MAE (0.081), respectively.
 

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Investigating the awareness of the local community towards the development of ecotourism is very important and necessary for future planning. Ecotourism in any region affects the lifestyle of local people and their economic-cultural conditions. On the other hand, ecotourists are also influenced by the culture of the host society and its values. Therefore, this study examines the local community's awareness of supporting ecotourism development in Damavand City. Due to the preservation of unique biological diversity, climatic conditions, and the frequent visits of tourists and ecotourists to this region, the local community needs to know about ecotourism, which made this research necessary. The target community of this study is the local community of residents of Damavand city. Therefore, using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to determine its validity, in addition to seeking opinions from experts (face validity), convergent validity was used. To calculate its reliability, Cronbach's alpha method and composite reliability were used. The results of the inferential statistics that were conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (Smart PLS software) showed that the four components of the research (local community awareness, economic poverty, cultural poverty, and ecotourism development) have homogeneity and reliability, and the awareness of the local community It has a significant relationship on the development of ecotourism with the mediating role of cultural poverty with the test statistic value of 4.195 and economic poverty with the test statistic value of 5.397. The results showed that the awareness of the local community on the development of ecotourism with the test statistic value of 2.032 indicates the low level of awareness of the local community towards the development of ecotourism