Hamid Salehi, Mohammad Motamedi, Ezatollah Mafi,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
Based on climatic model simulations, global temperatures can be expected to rise by 1 to 5.5 degrees Celsius by 2100. Given the consequences of climate change, recognizing this phenomenon is important in order to have a specific strategy to reduce its effects. In order to study the trend of climate change using Kendall Mann method was evaluated and according to the selected criteria affecting green space and weighting by AHP method, green space adaptation index for Sabzevar city until 2040 was calculated. Changes in urban green space were assessed using satellite imagery and the NDVI index. The decrease in the area of green space along with the expansion of the urban area in the period under study is clearly visible (during the statistical period under study, which corresponds to the historical period of climate models and observational data of Sabzevar). This study also shows that the increase in temperature in the next decade (2030-2021) will continue with greater intensity. In the next step, the per capita urban green space was calculated. According to the results of studying climate data, creating green space in proportion to climate change can play an effective role in adapting the city of Sabzevar to climate change. The use of climate-friendly green space and its changes will reduce greenhouse gases and provide a more suitable climate for humans and their activities. Due to the horizontal growth of the city and the rate of population growth, the amount of adaptation will decrease from 0.48 (in the basic period) to 0.32 in the period 2030-2021. A total of 15 indicators in four cultural, managerial, technological, ecological and plant criteria or each other in ArcGIS software were combined based on the coefficients of importance obtained by experts in the Expert Choice software
Miss Tara Heidari Orojloo, Dr Afshin Afshin Ghorbani Param, Dr Faramrz Hasanpour,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
The climatic conditions of various regions in Iran are critical parameters in the design and provision of thermal comfort within residential architecture. This study aims to develop appropriate climate-responsive design models for Shiraz, grounded in thermal comfort indicators. The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, utilizing advanced modeling software, specifically the Grasshopper plugin, for simulation purposes. Climatic data for the city of Shiraz has been extracted using the Ladybug plugin, with the relevant EPW file incorporated into the analysis. This data was then employed to simulate climate tables, generate diagrams of flowerbeds, and determine optimal building orientations, in addition to creating psychrometric diagrams to identify the most effective design solutions aligned with the local climate. The findings indicate that Shiraz falls within the climate comfort zone during the winter and spring months, notably in February, March, and April. However, it is important to note that the temperature during these months, with the exception of April 13-16, often exceeds the comfort range. Consequently, it is recommended to position the majority of windows on the southern façade and to incorporate auxiliary heating systems. Conversely, during the months of June, July, August, and September, temperatures surpass the comfort level; thus, the integration of materials with high thermal mass, appropriate shading devices, and the utilization of evaporative cooling systems are essential to alleviate internal conditions and maintain indoor comfort levels.
Arefe Shabani Eraghi, Seyed Mohammad Zamanzade, Fariba Karami,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
Reconstructing paleoclimate, particularly environmental temperature, plays a crucial role in understanding both current and future climate patterns. The aim of this research is to investigate the climatic conditions and estimate the ambient temperature during the Holocene period based on two sediment cores extracted from the Jazmurian Basin. Paleotemperature reconstruction was conducted using several methods, including the calculation of the standardized coefficient of variation of oxygen-18 and carbon-13 isotopes. For this purpose, the isotopic analysis of oxygen-18/oxygen-16 and carbon-13 was performed. In Jazmurian core 1, the initial temperature was estimated at 46°C. A decreasing trend of approximately 10°C was observed down to a depth of 175 cm, distributed across eight stratigraphic levels. At 175 cm, the temperature shows an increasing trend, followed by a decline at the subsequent level, and then a return to an increasing and stable trend in the next two levels. In Jazmurian core 2, the initial temperature was approximately 50°C. A sharp decrease in temperature is observed between depths of 80 to 125 cm. Subsequently, there is a slight increase of about 1°C, which remains relatively stable until a depth of 170 cm. Beyond this point, the temperature decreases again in the final two layers. The concentration of carbon-13 in core 1 ranges from 0 to 25.6, while in core 2 it varies between 25.9 and 27.1. In core 1, six carbon -13 isotope samples show a value of zero, indicating an absence of carbon-13 in those sediment layers. In contrast, core 2 displays a narrower range of variation in carbon-13 values. The isotopic and temperature variations observed in these sediment cores reflect different climatic phases during the Holocene in the Jazmurian region. Such climatic changes are often linked to cultural shifts, and the decline of ancient civilizations has frequently coincided with environmental transformations. The findings of this research may be of significant value to archaeology researchers, particularly those studying ancient Iranian civilizations.
