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by examining the level of inequality in the distribution of services and identifying the spatial pattern of injustice in the city, we can find out which of the services are in a more unfavorable situation than in this way, city management with conscious performance in spatial distribution of public services and social interests. , Reduce spatial inequalities and improve the quality of life and ensure sustainable urban development. The present research is applied and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The purpose of this analytical research is on the status of Ilam urban development indicators in order to achieve spatial justice, which uses the capabilities and facilities of geographic information system, including: map composition, Spatial statistics, etc. have been done. The results show that the spatial distribution of services in Ilam city is not desirable and the results of this study show that the concentration of urban facilities and services has occurred in the central part of the city and other areas are low in terms of urban resources and facilities. The research findings show that 20% of the city's population lives in relatively affected areas and 23.2% in areas with semi-sustainable development, and over 50% of residents live in deprived and completely deprived areas in terms of development in Ilam city. The results of the Vikor model are not considered to be sustainable development in any area. However, based on the results of the research, the focus of urban services in Ilam city follows the center-perimeter model, which means that everything from the central areas to We move around the area, reducing the distribution of services.

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Today, urban and rural planning and management programs need to obtain accurate spatial information at successive times about land use changes. The main purpose of this study is to study and evaluate land use changes due to physical development with respect to 4 land uses in Bayer, agricultural lands, water zones and man-made lands in Pakdasht. Data were collected through Landsat satellite images from 2019 and 1989 captured by OLI and MSS5 sensors with a resolution of 30 m, which transformed Landsat 8 and 7 satellite images to 15 m in ENVI 5.3 software. These images were classified in ENVI 5.3 software based on the maximum likelihood algorithm. Then the accuracy of the maps obtained from the maximum likelihood algorithm was estimated. Fragstats software was then used to extract land cover metrics at two levels of the classroom and the simulator. A total of 15 landslides were quantified in the years 1989 to 2019 (1368-1688). According to the results, the area of ​​residential land has increased during the years under study so that its share has increased from %7.1 in the region to %19.5.


 

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Precipitation is a phenomenon resulting from complex atmospheric interactions and among climatic events, due to its vital role, it has special importance. The importance of precipitation durability, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, which includes most of Iran, is greater than its volume. The purpose of this study is to identify Iran's precipitation areas in terms of precipitation durability and its characteristics in each area. In order to investigate the durability of Iran's precipitation and to define a precipitation day as " a day with equal precipitation or greater than 0.5 mm", used from daily precipitation data of 80 synoptic stations of the country during the 6 cold months of the year from October to March in a period of 30 years (2016 - 1987). Setting data in daily tables in the first step, made possible to program in MATLAB environment to separate precipitation in ten groups from "one day" to "ten days" and in the second step in SPSS environment based on frequency characteristics, amount and precipitations average in the mentioned groups was done by the method of Ward merging and clustering. The process of the clustering on Iran's durability precipitation showed that there are seven almost homogeneous precipitation zones in Iran; the geographical arrangement of Iran's precipitation areas, reveals the dependence of Iran's precipitations amount on roughness, the path of precipitation systems, its proximity to humidity sources, and the effect of the sea. In terms of area’s location, it can be said that; the settlement of the four zones in the western half of Iran, despite its small size in front of the eastern half, is a reason for its heterogeneity.
 

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Water as one of the most essential natural elements of landscape and consequently urban landscape from yesterday till today has had a great impact on the formation and effectiveness of urban spaces and its various effects have always stimulated human tendency towards beauty. It should be noted that the existential values ​​of water are not merely aesthetic, rather it goes back to the deepest and innermost part of nature. Such a stimulus has led human beings to recognize different aspects of water, including sensory and perceptual, visual, semantic, functional, physical-aesthetic, environmental, psychological, social, and temporal and this knowledge has provided the backdrop for a variety of water-based designs in the urban landscape. The main purpose of the present study is to identify all the features and existential values ​​of water and their proper application in the urban landscape. In other words, the explanation of a specific pattern including major water criteria and indicators in the urban landscape has been considered to improve the quality of the landscape in urban environments. The research method is applied and the type of study is descriptive-analytical and data collection is based on the study of library resources and content analysis of text. The results of the research indicate that by applying all the existing dimensions and values ​​of water element in the urban landscape, the quality of urban spaces can be improved. The use of water criteria and indicators in the urban landscape in a coherent and integrated manner requires a compiled pattern that is presented in the end in a tabular form.
 

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With the increasing expansion of urbanization and the increase in the population of urban dwellers and the resulting problems, it is becoming increasingly necessary to provide facilities for the well-being of citizens. Today, the importance and role of urban furniture in urban service and beautification is not hidden from anyone, and urban furniture is one of the essential and inseparable components of cities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of urban furniture in improving the quality of urban environment, Bandar Abbas city, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method. Data collection has been done using two methods of library and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of this study consists of citizens of Bandar Abbas, 384 of whom were selected using Cochran's formula and research questionnaire by simple random method. Distributed among them. The research questionnaire was created by a researcher whose validity was confirmed by experts in a formal and superficial manner. And its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, single-sample T-test and simple linear regression were used in SPSS25 software environment. The research findings showed that the urban furniture of Bandar Abbas is not in a good condition in terms of fitness and beauty, optimal distribution and citizens' satisfaction with the furniture of Bandar Abbas. The study of research hypotheses showed that urban furniture has a positive and significant effect on the quality of urban environment and its components, ie beautifying the environment, creating a suitable environment for social activities and increasing the vitality of the urban environment.

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Desertification is a serious environmental and socio-economic threat to the planet. The aim of this study is to use a scientific, reasonable and repeatable method to evaluate the process of vegetation and land use as two important factors in the process of desertification on different scales (local-regional and global). In this study, Sarvestan plain in Fars province was selected as the study area. For this purpose, Landsat images were used for TM (1993), ETM + (2001 and 2006) and OLI / TIRS (2016). Image monitoring was performed using image differentiation, NDVI index difference and land use maps. In 1993, 2001, and 1993, and 2016 difference maps, the decrease in the amount of water in the mouth of Lake Maharloo can be clearly seen as increasing changes in the infrared band. The results of the difference between the vegetation index and the increase in vegetation in the form of agricultural lands in 2016 compared to 2006 and 1993. According to the results of the monitoring classification, from 1993 to 2016, irrigated areas decreased from 7.11 hectares to 0.7575 hectares, on the other hand, the level of saline lands increased from 143.99 hectares to 223.83 hectares and the level of cultivated lands increased. (Agricultural and horticultural) has increased from 113.28 hectares to 14/2014 hectares, which due to the importance of saline lands and land use change indicators in the studies of the desertification assessment process, it can be concluded that the desertification process in the study area is growing.

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The present study addresses the future prospects of urban management of Marand, specifically to study the problems and issues of urban management as well as providing solutions to improve its status. The main purpose of the research is to answer the question of what people and experts have about the causes of the problems of urban management in Marand, and with what road map there can be defined and achieved a perspective for urban management. The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical, and it utilizes the Oregan social vision model.. Oregan model is used to plan the process of strategic vision development in local communities. One of the most important advantages of this model is to adapt to different conditions and environment. The Oregan model is a process composed of four steps, each of which is built on the basis of a simple question: Where are we now? Where are we going? where shall we be? How to get there? Then, in different time intervals, monitoring of the implementation status in order to overcome the shortcomings would be possible. In this research, after analyzing the status quo, using collaborative planning and making questionnaire and receiving the opinions of citizens and experts, different perspectives have been defined for the city and, consequently, the necessary strategies are presented. The results show that the urban management of Marand is not in a suitable position, and it is necessary for the management to try to improve the lives of citizens with the aim of reducing the weak points and avoiding threats based on the strategies for resolving problems and crises of urban areas, attracting citizens, creating well - being for people, creating financial stability, and building administrative stability.

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Awareness and understanding of the climate trends by farmers and the attitude towards the necessity of this awareness is one of the essential capacities in agricultural societies. Farmerschr('39') attitudes to climate information are affected by their behavior with the climate hazards and uncertainties and influence their decision on adopting appropriate strategies to minimize the damages caused by climate changes on agriculture and improve their readiness. Hence, the aim of the present study was to establish a comprehensive framework and model for the qualitative evaluation of studies discussing the factors that affect farmerschr('39') attitudes to climate information utilization with a systematic review approach. For this purpose, the following keywords, including climate, climate change, climate changes, meteorological information, global warming, drought, flood, chilling, frost, climate hazard, precipitation, temperature with the aid of the following keywords namely, farmer, farmerchr('39')s attitude, farmerchr('39')s perception, farmerchr('39')s knowledge, and indigenous knowledge were used in both languages, Persian and English, among the articles published between the year of 2000 and 2019. After three stages of screening 788 related articles and according to approved criteria, 25 scientific and research articles were selected and explored. After qualitatively evaluating these articles, a model with five bio-environmental, individual, social, economic & technological factors as well as 19 dimensions has been proposed to evaluate the factors affecting farmerschr('39') attitude towards using climate information. Finally, to apply the results of this study, a unified conceptual model is presented that can be the strength of the existing frameworks in making the national agricultural policy.
 

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In relation to the housing of the disadvantaged, the possibility of access to a suitable housing for every Iranian household in accordance with the household's needs in such a way that the housing concern does not exceed other areas of the household's life and stable and safe access to the household's housing is also guaranteed, showing the ideal vision of the housing sector in documentary studies, is related to disadvantaged groups. The purpose of this study is to achieve the set of strategies and the general form of realistic and effective programs in the field of housing support for the deprived and low-income groups, which, while determining the limits and type of government intervention in relation to housing and different economic groups, will make the target groups enjoy support programs faster. This study is based on the combined model of SWOT strategic analysis and QSPM strategic planning model and examines the findings of studies and the results of interviews with experts in the field of geography and urban planning. SWOT analysis showed that 1- Ignoring the lack of simultaneous use of the process of management and operation of low-income housing based on the participation of local social institutions and non-governmental organizations 2- Lack of necessary knowledge or disregard for the diversity of needs of the deprived and disregard for Special Characteristics of Target Groups 3. The imbalance between the benefits of different individuals in different groups in relation to support programs has led to the inefficiency of the policies of the deprived and the enjoyment of supportive housing for this group. "Empowerment programs" and "Attracting participation by exploiting local capacity and internal capacities by developing and diversifying empowerment", along with a general balancing policy to increase capacity in non-governmental sectors based on household participation. Faster households have support programs Provides housing and participation of all stakeholders in planning.
 Keywords: development programs, government policies, housing for the deprived, SWOT analysis, QSPM model.
 

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As cities become more physically in structure and demographically wider, the rate of crises is also increasing consequently, and cities become more vulnerable to natural disasters for a variety of reasons, including economic and cultural poverty, fault alignment and non-compliance to regulations of earthquake-related issues.  What matters is the level of community's preparedness and the degree of vulnerability of the city and its residents, which can be reduced to the lowest level if properly planned and principle policies are adopted.  In this research, considering the high potential of Sanandaj in terms of seismicity and the existence of many faults in the vicinity and around of the city, it is tried to gain an authentic understanding of the subject with identifying the factors affecting the earthquake and combining indicators using the  Classification Tree Analysis (CTA) model. The results indicate that a large area of   the city is in the category of moderate to high vulnerability.52% is in the middle vulnerability category, 16.5% is in the high vulnerability category and 1% of the city is considered to be in the very high vulnerability category, which exactly matches the same marginal, old and densely populated neighborhoods. This situation does not render a proper structure and needs more consideration in prospective development plans.
 

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Objectives: The purpose of this article, the relationship between maximum temperature of Kerman province geopotential height at 500 hPa to avoid risks and losses are extreme temperatures.
Method: In this paper, the approach has been used in the circulation to peripheral circulation patterns will be assessed based approach to environmental data. Therefore, we used two databases. First Base event database environment (surface). In this regard, the surface temperature is selected stations Kerman province. The maximum temperature of the stations in the period 01.01.1368 to 01.01.1398 for 30 years to 10957 the number of days were obtained from the meteorological province. Another database contains data that the data of geopotential height at 500 hPa

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 only be implemented when the aforementioned land uses have balanced distribution across the city. In this regard, the present study is to investigate and evaluate learning land uses from the perspective of spatial justice for attain of the learning city approach in Zanjan; And the main goal of this research is to find out the spatial equilibrium in the distribution of learning land uses of Zanjan city, in order to develop the learning city approach. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection has done by using the library-documentary method. In addition, in order to analyze the findings, after describing the basic concepts of the learning city and taking into account the principles and indicators governing it, from two indicators of capacity and social justice have been used in the framework of comparing per capita and desirable levels, Nearest Neighborhood (NN) and entropy techniques. The results of the analysis of the distribution of learning land uses in the current situation indicate that the distribution of these land uses in the city are concentrated and clustered, with spatial imbalances. In such a way they show very high qualitative and quantitative differences between the three urban areas, especially indicated in the eastern margin of district two. Such a problem has hampered the development of the learning city approach in Zanjan and has resulted in the concentration of these services in the center of the city and their shortage in the peripheral areas as made a profound inequalities between the residential areas of the city. Therefore, the results of the research provide suggestions for reorganizing learning land uses to establish a spatial justice approach at the city level.