Showing 733 results for Type of Study: Research
Mr Ebrahim Bairanvand, Dr Amir Gandomkar, Dr Alireza Abbasi, Dr Morteza Khodaghoi,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
The torrential rains that occurred in April 2017 in Lorestan Province exemplified severe precipitation that inflicted substantial damage on agricultural, urban, transportation, and communication infrastructures. This study aims to investigate and elucidate the relationship between the physical structure of clouds responsible for two waves of heavy rainfall in April 2017 within the Doroud catchment area of Boroujerd. In this context, the statistical characteristics of two precipitation events on March 25 and April 1, 2019, were analyzed. The microphysical properties of the clouds generating these two heavy rainfall events were examined utilizing the Madis superconductor product and MOD06. Four microphysical factors contributing to the formation of clouds during these two rainfall waves in the Doroud-Borujerd basin—including cloud top temperature (CTT), cloud top pressure (CTP), optical cloud thickness (OCT), and cloud cover ratio (CFR)—were analyzed. Statistical assessments indicated that the first wave of heavy rainfall, occurring on March 25, 2019 (5 April 1398), accounted for 15% of the total annual rainfall, while the second wave on April 1, 2019 (12 April 1398) contributed 20% of the region's average annual rainfall within these two days. The findings from the analysis of the microphysical structure of the clouds producing these two precipitation waves, based on data from the MODIS cloud sensor product, revealed a significant spatial correlation between the four microphysical factors and the recorded precipitation values of these two heavy rainfall events. Specifically, the cloud top temperature and pressure, indicative of vertical cloud expansion in the area, exhibited a significant inverse relationship with the precipitation amounts in the basin. Conversely, the cloud cover ratio and optical thickness demonstrated a direct and significant spatial correlation with the recorded rainfall values. The results of this study thus establish a significant and robust relationship between the microphysical structure of clouds and the precipitation amounts recorded in the region during these two heavy rainfall events.
Ahmad Rashidi Nejad, Mostafa Fallahi, Ma Azam Arefi,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Water scarcity is widely regarded as a fundamental contributor to underdevelopment and poverty, significantly influencing individuals' and societies' perceptions of deprivation. This study seeks to elucidate the relationship between the "feeling of relative deprivation" and "hydropolitical relations," particularly in the context of the Gauvshomar Dam construction process in Lorestan Province. The primary research question addresses how the absence of dam construction impacts the development of a sense of relative deprivation among local populations. Employing a descriptive-analytical research methodology, this study adopts both quantitative and qualitative approaches, utilizing documentary and library research alongside field observations. A questionnaire serves as the primary measurement tool, with SPSS employed for data analysis. The research indicators encompass economic, social, cultural, environmental-physical, and political-security dimensions. Findings indicate that the lack of dam construction has exacerbated feelings of relative deprivation across these dimensions, contributing to a general sense of dissatisfaction among the residents of the study area.
Tahereh Karimi, Amir Karam, Parviz Zeaieanfirouzabadi, Seyyed Mohammad Tavakkoli Sabour,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Slope hazards and landslides annually inflict substantial damage in the mountainous regions of Iran, particularly within the eastern Alamut area of Qazvin province. Recent advancements in radar technology have facilitated the detection of ground surface movements, including slow slope motions and active landslides. The present study employs Sentinel 1A satellite descending data from 2018 to 2020, utilizing the Small Baseline Subset (SBaS-InSAR) methodology alongside digital elevation model (DEM) difference techniques. This approach aims to extract slope movements and Earth surface displacements, serving the critical objective of identifying new and active landslides while updating the landslide map to enhance landslide risk prediction. The results indicate that the SBaS model, which was corroborated with GPS data, field investigations, and Google Earth imagery, demonstrated a commendable level of accuracy (AUC = 0.78). The average annual movement over the study period was estimated to range from -48.6 to 40.2 mm, leading to the identification of fourteen landslide zones in the region, several of which continue to exhibit activity. Specifically, the landslide that transpired in Khobkuh on April 3, 2020, was assessed using the DEM difference model, which estimated surface changes between -1.62 and 2.75 meters. Conversely, the differential interferometry model calculated the displacement rate in this area to be between -25 and 70 mm. These methodologies offer significant advantages for estimating Earth surface displacement, subsidence, and landslides, facilitating the identification of vulnerable areas in mountainous regions and contributing to the mitigation of financial and human losses.
Salman Kazemian Souraki , Fereshteh Nasrollahi, Amin Deilami Moazzi,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Shia political Islam, centered around Iran, is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that has undergone numerous transformations in recent decades. Understanding the future trends of this intellectual and political movement is of great importance to analysts, politicians, and the general public. This article employs a futures studies approach to examine the trends of Shia political Islam within Iran's political geography. This foresight approach allows us to look beyond the current situation and outline various scenarios for the future of politics and society in Iran. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library and documentary sources, including qualitative and quantitative analysis of historical data, expert interviews, and content analysis of media and religious texts. The research findings indicate that Shia political Islam in Iran's geography is undergoing a period of transformation, influenced by various factors such as demographic changes, social and economic developments, and geopolitical shifts. Several potential scenarios for the future of Shia political Islam in Iran's political geography are presented, including: the Continuity Scenario, the Reform Scenario, the Radicalism Scenario, and the Secularism Scenario. Considering these scenarios, the analysis of probable trends and events in the scenarios, and political and security developments with a view to challenges and opportunities in the Middle East region, the Islamic Republic of Iran, adhering to the Continuity Scenario along with the Reform Scenario, aims to strengthen republicanism (religious democracy) while emphasizing the preservation of independence and indigenous Islamic identity in the region, and to have a more prominent presence in the Middle East.
Mr Danesh Nasiri, Dr Reza Borna, Dr Manigheh Zohorian Pordel, Dr. Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Widespread and frequent droughts in recent decades in Khuzestan province have become one of the most important challenges of this province. The use of remote sensing products in temporal and spatial monitoring of drought can play a key role in managing this risk and reducing and adjusting its destructive effects. The main goal of this research is to provide a remote sensing index for temporal and spatial monitoring of drought in Khuzestan province and its validation using station meteorological drought indices. In this research, by using the products of vegetation (MOD13C2) and land surface temperature (MOD11C3) of MODIS sensor, a drought index based on vegetation called VHI plant health index was produced. SPI Meteorological Drought Index, which was based on station rainfall data during the statistical period of 2000-2012, was used to evaluate and quantify this index. The comparison of VHI drought index with three-month SPI meteorological drought index values showed a significant correlation between 0.68 and 0.75. By identifying 4 years with widespread and relatively severe drought in Khuzestan province (based on both VHI and SPI indices), which included the years 2000, 2005, 2012, 2015, the spatial distribution pattern of meteorological drought and VHI plant drought to In general, it indicated that the northern parts of the province were generally involved in mild to moderate droughts and the southern parts were generally involved in moderate to severe droughts. The spatial correlation matrix based on the number of 2500 pixels with dimensions of 5x5 km, which included VHI and SPI values of selected drought years, indicated the existence of a significant spatial correlation between the two mentioned indicators. In the widespread drought of 2000, at the level of Khuzestan province, two drought indices VHI and SPI, the correlation was equal to 0.47, and in 2005, equal to 0.35, and
Mis Zahra Asgari Gandomani, Mr Hamid Roodbari, Mr Yaghoob Mohammadi,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Green marketing has emerged as a significant area of interest, particularly among sports consumers who express concern regarding environmental issues and demonstrate a willingness to purchase eco-friendly products. Nonetheless, the actual sales of such green products remain below expectations. Consequently, this study aims to examine the influence of environmental factors—including attitude, concern, and sense of environmental responsibility—on the purchasing intentions of environmentally conscious sports consumers. The present survey study gathered data from 384 Iranian students through a seven-point Likert electronic questionnaire comprising 27 items. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. A total of 390 questionnaires were distributed, with 384 deemed valid for analysis. The data were analyzed using PLS software to assess the reliability and validity of the model, as well as to test the hypotheses of the structural model. Findings reveal that environmental attitude serves as a significant driver of consumers' green purchasing behavior. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was identified between environmental responsibility and green purchasing behavior. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between environmental concerns and green purchasing behavior. Additionally, the relationship between individual green values and environmental attitude, environmental concerns, environmental responsibility, and green purchasing behavior was statistically insignificant. To leverage these insights, companies should cultivate a positive image of environmental responsibility for their products through strategic branding initiatives. This approach could enhance consumer support among those who prioritize the purchase of environmentally friendly products.
Mahdi Yaraghi Fard, Samaneh Jalilisadrabad,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
A healthy city concept aims to prevent the development of various diseases through effective urban design and land use. Shiraz city and Fars province have the highest incidence of road and pedestrian accidents. Additionally, depression among the elderly serves as a precursor to other health issues, necessitating enhanced social and healthcare initiatives to raise awareness, improve life expectancy, and foster a sense of community belonging. This study aims to measure indicators and elucidate healthy urban spaces through a smart city approach in Shiraz. It is practical in purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and methodology. The statistical population was drawn from a group of university experts and municipal employees to gather insights on health-oriented urban development within the smart city framework. Data collection was based on comprehensive library research. To analyze the data, inferential methods were employed, including the single-sample t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffe's post hoc test, and factor analysis. SPSS software was utilized for data analysis. The results indicate that the indicators examined are complementary and contribute positively to the health of citizens. Furthermore, 11 factors have been identified as critical dimensions for a healthy city aligned with the smart city approach: air quality, social interaction, safety, social participation, climatic comfort, social security, access to water, sewage and waste management, social justice, urban green space, education, poverty, and employment. Ultimately, the research hypotheses have been confirmed.
Mr Framarz Nik, Phd Ata Aleh Abdi, Phd Hosein Rabiei, Phd Hasan Rabei,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
This study aims to identify the determinants influencing the political spatial organization of Alborz province. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, this research utilizes qualitative data derived from library investigations and field studies. The methodology encompasses authentic document analysis and expert interviews to identify and examine factors affecting political spatial organization in Alborz province through grand theory application. Analysis revealed that determinants influencing political spatial organization in Alborz province encompass 50 contextual factors, 22 causal factors, 55 strategic factors, and 56 consequences. Predominant contextual factors include justice, social equity assurance, citizenship rights, national spatial political management, appointment of political administrators in divisional units, government-public communication, responsibility emphasis, and accurate recognition. Societal culture and geographic positioning represent primary causal factors, while strategic insight and educational-research strategy formulation constitute essential strategies. Administrative, military-security, and economic factors emerge as consequential elements impacting political spatial organization in Alborz province. The provincial state system operates as an open system, wherein constituent elements exhibit synergistic relationships and demonstrate temporal enhancement potential. Researchers synthesized findings into a comprehensive model demonstrating that optimal factor utilization within the system facilitates success, whereas inadequate implementation results in systemic failure within Alborz province's state management framework.
Mrs Reyhaneh Agharajabi, Dr Mohammadreza Rasouli, Dr Seyed Mahmoud Nejati Hoseini,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
This study explores the cultural geography and styles of religiosity among Iranian users on Instagram, with a particular focus on how virtual spaces shape religious expression. Adopting an inductive approach, the research utilizes netnography (online ethnography) as a qualitative method. Instagram pages with religious content and significant follower counts—managed by influential figures in the religious sphere—were selected as the study sample. In total, 14 Instagram pages representing diverse religious orientations were analyzed. The posts, comments, and other published content on these pages served as the units of analysis, and data coding was conducted using MaxQDA software. Findings revealed that after the ritual dimension, the moral dimension was the most frequently recurring theme. Through analysis, nine distinct types of religiosity were identified among users, highlighting the influence of virtual geography on religious behavior and perceptions. Each user embodied a unique form of religiosity within the "soft cities" of the digital space, shaped by their environmental context and accumulated spatial experiences within the religious marketplace of Instagram. Among the dominant types were ritualistic religiosity, characterized by an emphasis on practices and ceremonies, and traditionalist religiosity, which aligns closely with official religious discourse. Other identified forms included rational, self-referential, epistemic, mystical, mixed, emotional, and fundamentalist religiosity. These categories reflect the pluralism of religious identities, values, and behaviors in Iranian society as manifested in cyberspace. Ultimately, the study underscores the profound impact of virtual cultural geography on contemporary religious culture and its diverse manifestations in digital environments.
Dr Saeedeh Fakhari,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Investigating the awareness of the local community towards the development of ecotourism is very important and necessary for future planning. Ecotourism in any region affects the lifestyle of local people and their economic-cultural conditions. On the other hand, ecotourists are also influenced by the culture of the host society and its values. Therefore, this study examines the local community's awareness of supporting ecotourism development in Damavand City. Due to the preservation of unique biological diversity, climatic conditions, and the frequent visits of tourists and ecotourists to this region, the local community needs to know about ecotourism, which made this research necessary. The target community of this study is the local community of residents of Damavand city. Therefore, using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to determine its validity, in addition to seeking opinions from experts (face validity), convergent validity was used. To calculate its reliability, Cronbach's alpha method and composite reliability were used. The results of the inferential statistics that were conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (Smart PLS software) showed that the four components of the research (local community awareness, economic poverty, cultural poverty, and ecotourism development) have homogeneity and reliability, and the awareness of the local community It has a significant relationship on the development of ecotourism with the mediating role of cultural poverty with the test statistic value of 4.195 and economic poverty with the test statistic value of 5.397. The results showed that the awareness of the local community on the development of ecotourism with the test statistic value of 2.032 indicates the low level of awareness of the local community towards the development of ecotourism.
Hadiseh Gheysari, , Hosein Kalantari,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
A viable solution to address the challenge of urban poverty in the worn and inefficient contexts of the metropolis of Ahvaz is to reform its structures by integrating poverty-reducing policies into urban planning for the future. Sustainable regeneration has been identified as one such strategy. The premise that substantial capital investment in neighborhood regeneration can enhance the overall conditions of the neighborhood poverty system underscores the critical need to organize economically focused spaces within targeted poverty zones.
Utilizing the normative futures study method, three types of uncertainty scenarios—critical, middle, and desirable—were developed through a Delphi survey for each of the five strategic drivers of the research that can be managed, modified, and monitored throughout the sustainable regeneration process. The sustainable regeneration plan for urban neighborhoods was conceptualized with poverty-reducing policies tailored to each of these five strategic drivers, guided by thematic macrotrends.For each technical area, the key impacts of future-oriented economic interventions aimed at regenerating the targeted neighborhoods were identified and outlined. Based on these dimensions, policies were proposed in the form of thematic actions aligned with desirable scenarios to enhance the status of the five strategic research drivers. This, in turn, aims to reform the structures of urban poverty and improve the overall conditions of the poverty system in the targeted neighborhoods.as a result, The failure of Iran's urban regeneration programs in resolving stakeholder conflicts is rooted in many structural weaknesses related to the procedures and methods of preparation and implementation of these programs. Therefore, a mechanism should be provided in the process of preparing urban regeneration plans, which, in the first step, should pay attention to the dynamic, multidimensional and complex nature of conflicts in the stages before, during and after the implementation of the project, and then identify the conflicts of the beneficiaries in the very early stages. to control.
Elham Nojoomi, Dr Esmaeil Aghaeizadeh, Dr Taher Parizadi,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Today, in many developing countries, Simultaneously with the rapid growth of urban areas beside of the population growth, countless issues and problems has been created, which sometimes led to the structural and functional deterioration of urban fabrics, and sustainable urban development has been proposed as a solution to such problems in cities. Transportation-oriented development, as an approaches of smart urban development focusing on transportation systems and the centrality of pedestrians in stations, can be an appropriate solutions in the urban system to deal with the issues and problems that are bothering most of the deteriorated areas of big cities, including Tehran. In this research, Safa neighborhood as one of the neighborhoods of Tehran metropolis, which is located in deteriorated fabrics of this city has been studied in order to its shortcomings and strengths to achieve a favorable approach to organizing the fabricdue to its place near public transportation stations.
Transportation-oriented development, as an approaches of smart urban development focusing on transportation systems and the centrality of pedestrians in stations, can be an appropriate solutions in the urban system to deal with the issues and problems that are bothering most of the deteriorated areas of big cities, including Tehran. In this research, Safa neighborhood as one of the neighborhoods of Tehran metropolis, which is located in deteriorated fabrics of this city has been studied in order to its shortcomings and strengths to achieve a favorable approach to organizing the fabricdue to its place near public transportation stations. in order to investigate its shortcomings and strengths. Also with a practical purpose and a descriptive-analytical nature, through field investigations and quantitative findings obtained from the statistical blocks of 2016 Iranian statistics, the findings were analyzed by GIS software and spatial statistics analysis models. The results show that this area has good potential for the implementation of the plan base on TOD and in the meantime, the 17 Shahrivar station has the most compliance with this approach according to the five investigated indicators.
Arefe Shabani Eraghi, Seyed Mohammad Zamanzade, Fariba Karami,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Reconstructing paleoclimate, particularly environmental temperature, plays a crucial role in understanding both current and future climate patterns. The aim of this research is to investigate the climatic conditions and estimate the ambient temperature during the Holocene period based on two sediment cores extracted from the Jazmurian Basin. Paleotemperature reconstruction was conducted using several methods, including the calculation of the standardized coefficient of variation of oxygen-18 and carbon-13 isotopes. For this purpose, the isotopic analysis of oxygen-18/oxygen-16 and carbon-13 was performed. In Jazmurian core 1, the initial temperature was estimated at 46°C. A decreasing trend of approximately 10°C was observed down to a depth of 175 cm, distributed across eight stratigraphic levels. At 175 cm, the temperature shows an increasing trend, followed by a decline at the subsequent level, and then a return to an increasing and stable trend in the next two levels. In Jazmurian core 2, the initial temperature was approximately 50°C. A sharp decrease in temperature is observed between depths of 80 to 125 cm. Subsequently, there is a slight increase of about 1°C, which remains relatively stable until a depth of 170 cm. Beyond this point, the temperature decreases again in the final two layers. The concentration of carbon-13 in core 1 ranges from 0 to 25.6, while in core 2 it varies between 25.9 and 27.1. In core 1, six carbon -13 isotope samples show a value of zero, indicating an absence of carbon-13 in those sediment layers. In contrast, core 2 displays a narrower range of variation in carbon-13 values. The isotopic and temperature variations observed in these sediment cores reflect different climatic phases during the Holocene in the Jazmurian region. Such climatic changes are often linked to cultural shifts, and the decline of ancient civilizations has frequently coincided with environmental transformations. The findings of this research may be of significant value to archaeology researchers, particularly those studying ancient Iranian civilizations.
Dr Fariba Sayadi, Dr Zahra Hejazizadeh,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (1-2026)
Abstract
Considering that urban land-use change in metropolises such as Tehran has been increasing in recent decades; Therefore, the formation of the thermal island phenomenon in the city can be studied as one of the environmental problems. Increasing construction, density, and building heights will change the complexes' geometry and shape, followed by changes in climatic conditions and micro-urban climates. Therefore, in this study, we tried to investigate urban geometry's effect on forming a thermal island in Tehran. The study region in this research includes regions one, two, and three of Tehran.
The methods used in this research included (1) Oak's numerical equation and algorithm design to simulate the intensity of the heat island. In the first stage, digital GIS data including building blocks (parcels) in polygon format and street widths, which were prepared and prepared by Tehran Municipality based on the 2016 detailed audit plan, were used. (2) Modeling was performed in Envi-met software to study the effect of city geometry on wind. The results of the studies showed that the two factors of building height and street width (ratio (H/W)) play an important role as two key factors in studying urban geometry; therefore, in studying the intensity of the heat island, the factor of building height and high-rise construction can play an important role in the formation of the heat island. However, the higher the height of the building compared to the width of the streets, the more it acts as a barrier against the heat island. The intensity of the heat island adjusted with the Oak equation showed that the factor of building roughness coefficient can be an important factor in adjusting the intensity of the heat island. Spatial analysis of images and outputs of the Envi.met model showed that the two main factors of construction density And the height of the building has a greater impact on wind speed transmission than the slope and topography of the area. Therefore, in the study of urban design for future studies, appropriate planning and proper management of resources are needed for the climatic comfort of residents, which can be designed to be beautiful and safe cities by considering the principles of architectural safety.
Farzad Shirzad, Mr Bohlol Alijani, Mehry Akbary, Mohammad Saligheh,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (4-2026)
Abstract
Climate change and global warming are very important issues of the present century. Climate change process, especially temperature and precipitation changes, the most important issue is environmental science. Climate change means a change in the long-term average. Iran is located in the subtropical high pressure zone in arid and semi-arid regions and the Hyrcanian forest is a green area between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountain range. At the 43rd UNESCO Summit, the Hyrcanian forests were registered as the second natural heritage of Iran. Beech is one of the most important tree species and the most industrial species of Hyrcanian forests It accounts for about 18 percent of the northern forest volume (from Astara to Gorgan with a life span of about 250 years). The study area is located in the Shanderman basin in western Guilan province. In this research using tree dendroclimatology, Use of vegetative width of beech tree rings, Weather station statistics located in the study area, And Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical method, To Investigate Climate Change Trend on Growth Time Series and Pearson Statistical Method, in order to evaluate the correlation of diameter growth of beech tree rings with climate variables in the region, an attempt was made. Results of time series of beech tree growth rings over 202 years. Using the nonparametric method Mann- Kendall showed, Changes in growth rings of beech trees have a downward and negative trend, at level 5 %, it was significant. Temperature Minimum, Average, Maximum, and Evaporation during the growing season, there was an upward trend and Annual precipitation there was a downward trend. Using the Pearson method Fit correlation of growth ring diameter with temperature, For the average monthly in February and the average minimum temperature in July, August and September and Negative correlation, for average maximum temperature in February, July, August and September at 95% level, it was significant and precipitation in June, the correlation was 95% positive and significant.
Yaser Nazaryan, Amane Haghzad, Leyla Ebrahimi, Kia Abozorgmehr51,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (4-2026)
Abstract
Vulnerability is the inevitable result of risks and crises that threaten societies to varying degrees. One of the main threats is earthquakes. The recent approach to disaster management programs is to increase the resilience of communities that have different dimensions. One of them is the physical dimension of urban resilience, which is linked to the components of land use planning. In this research, with the aim of analyzing land use criteria affecting the resilience of Tabriz city and using fuzzy AHP method, research has been done.
Based on the results of the study of theoretical foundations, 13 effective criteria have been identified and the basis of action. The required data were extracted and used from maps and spatial information of urban plans, especially the detailed plan of Tabriz, Then Using ARC Map10.3.1 software, each criterion is analyzed and each criterion is presented in the form of a fuzzy map. Sum, Product and gamma fuzzy operators have been used to achieve the final resilience map. Due to the high accuracy of the gamma operator, its results are considered as the final output.
The results show that in the city of Tabriz, 2% have very low resilience, 40.8%, low resilience,15.3% moderate resilience, 23.5% high resilience and 7.2% very high resilience - based on the Used criteria-. Areas with low resilience are generally located in the north of Tabriz city and correspond to the informal settlement texture and the worn-out texture of the city, which corresponds to the fault line of Tabriz and Micronutrient and permeability are other features of these areas. Due to the high population density in these areas, it is necessary to immediately adopt the necessary programs to improve the quality of physical resilience criteria in the city.
Ruhollah Namaki, Akbar Abdollahzadeh Tarf, Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (4-2026)
Abstract
Air pollution and adverse effects of pollution caused by the combustion of fossil fuels in urban settlements are among the important environmental issues of metropolises that need to pay attention to ways to reduce air pollution in cities. Global experience has shown that urban form indicators are one of the most important factors affecting air pollution and energy consumption in the city. Therefore, paying attention to the form of the city plays an important role in the long-term perspective of cities for better air quality. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and documentary methods have been used. To analyze the data and answer the research questions, the Moran statistical technique was used in the GIS software environment. The results of this study showed that the air pollution situation in Tabriz in terms of air pollutants, ie sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide in the second half of the year is more than the first half of the year, so that among the air monitoring stations The field had the highest number of air pollution. Also, the results of the study of the effect of urban form and land use pattern on air pollution showed that urban form and land use are effective on air pollution.
Dr Pari Shokri Firoozjah, Dr Amir Bakhshi, Mr Javad Puriani, Ms Fateme Alipour Sourkhani,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (4-2026)
Abstract
In urban spaces various heterogeneous and dissonant elements together cause to environmental disturbances. One of the most impotant of these elements that rarely is noted, is the color. Therefore, this study has been done with the aim of review and assess of color role effectiveness in upgrading quality space of Ramsar Chahrsad Dastgah town. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data were collected through questionnaires and photography. The statistical population of the study was estimated, according to Cochran formula, 300 people. In order to assess of quality indicators according to the role of color were examined 3 main index (spatial perception, readability and identity, diversity and vitality) and 20 variables. To analyze the indicators have been used from sample T-test and RGB models. According to one sample T-test, readability and identity Index with an average of 2.31, diversity and vitality with an average of 2.69 and spatial perception with an average 2.78 have had from least to greatest effect on the quality of the study area. Also according to the color palette extracted from sky, artificial body and vegetation layers, town of Chahrsad Dastgah are not rich in terms of color and promotion of the quality of urban space is not. Generally, in the town of Chahrsad Dastgah has been used less than coloring agent to increase the spatial perception, sense of life and identity.
Morteza Ramezani, Mahdi Vatanparast, Ezatolah Mafi,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (4-2026)
Abstract
Abstract
Due to the increasing importance of tourism, determining the location of Bojnourd is an inevitable necessity. The city of Bojnourd has been affected by this phenomenon by having special capabilities and opportunities for tourism in different economic, social, environmental and physical dimensions. The present research is of applied type and is a descriptive-analytical research method. SPSS, AMOS and Expert choice software were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Bojnourd. The sample size was calculated to be 384 people using the Cochran's formula and was randomly distributed in Bojnourd. Research findings show; With 95% confidence, tourism development has affected the urban development of Bojnourd.
Also, among the variables explaining urban development, the growth of cultural services with a factor load of 0.67 had the highest correlation with the hidden variable of urban development. The index of development of infrastructure and construction facilities and services with a factor load of 0.66 is in the second place and the variable of improving the livelihood of residents with a factor load of 0.56 is in the next place. Finally, the index of increase in public services has a factor of 0.52 and has the lowest correlation with its hidden variable. The results of the structural model also show this Tourism has played an important role in the urban development of Bojnourd.
Mr Iraj Mahmoodpour, Dr Hossein Hataminejad, Dr Rahmatolah Farhoodi, Dr Jamile Tavakolinia,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (4-2026)
Abstract
It has a complex and multi -dimensional conceptual life and guarantees the performance of the ecosystem from the smallest unit to the surface of the Earth, or in other words from local levels to world levels, and its patterns are quite different from one region to region. In this regard, in the past three decades, in addition to the human impacts, the use of harmful resources and industries, the vulgarity of the ozone, the greenhouse, the greenhouse and the effects of the phenomena, and the phenomena of the city, Various environmental and environmental and remedies have been increased, which has increased melods to zero. For this purpose, in this study, it has been attempted to identify and analyze the key propellers affecting biodiversity by emphasizing the environmental indicators in Tehran's 11 metropolitan area. In this study, with the technique of environmental and Delphi dynamics, 57 primary factors were extracted in eleven different areas and then, using the Delphi method of managers, the matrix of the components of the components was formed. Next, the matrix analysis has been analyzed through the Michemac software. The results of the distribution of variables on the axis of influence and influence of the factors in the Micmac software indicate the system's instability within the scope of the study, and therefore five categories of variables were identified. Finally, due to the high direct and indirect effect of factors, seven key factors were identified as key factors in the field of biodiversity, with emphasis on the environmental indices of the region. Among the preferences under consideration, the variables of public transport status (speed, accuracy, confidence, security, security, convenience, economic affordability) and public access to the green space had the highest impact on the biodiversity in the study area.
