Showing 708 results for Type of Study: Research
Farzad Shirzad, Mr Bohlol Alijani, Mehry Akbary, Mohammad Saligheh,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
Climate change and global warming are very important issues of the present century. Climate change process, especially temperature and precipitation changes, the most important issue is environmental science. Climate change means a change in the long-term average. Iran is located in the subtropical high pressure zone in arid and semi-arid regions and the Hyrcanian forest is a green area between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountain range. At the 43rd UNESCO Summit, the Hyrcanian forests were registered as the second natural heritage of Iran. Beech is one of the most important tree species and the most industrial species of Hyrcanian forests It accounts for about 18 percent of the northern forest volume (from Astara to Gorgan with a life span of about 250 years). The study area is located in the Shanderman basin in western Guilan province. In this research using tree dendroclimatology, Use of vegetative width of beech tree rings, Weather station statistics located in the study area, And Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical method, To Investigate Climate Change Trend on Growth Time Series and Pearson Statistical Method, in order to evaluate the correlation of diameter growth of beech tree rings with climate variables in the region, an attempt was made. Results of time series of beech tree growth rings over 202 years. Using the nonparametric method Mann- Kendall showed, Changes in growth rings of beech trees have a downward and negative trend, at level 5 %, it was significant. Temperature Minimum, Average, Maximum, and Evaporation during the growing season, there was an upward trend and Annual precipitation there was a downward trend. Using the Pearson method Fit correlation of growth ring diameter with temperature, For the average monthly in February and the average minimum temperature in July, August and September and Negative correlation, for average maximum temperature in February, July, August and September at 95% level, it was significant and precipitation in June, the correlation was 95% positive and significant.
Ruhollah Namaki, Akbar Abdollahzadeh Tarf, Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
Air pollution and adverse effects of pollution caused by the combustion of fossil fuels in urban settlements are among the important environmental issues of metropolises that need to pay attention to ways to reduce air pollution in cities. Global experience has shown that urban form indicators are one of the most important factors affecting air pollution and energy consumption in the city. Therefore, paying attention to the form of the city plays an important role in the long-term perspective of cities for better air quality. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and documentary methods have been used. To analyze the data and answer the research questions, the Moran statistical technique was used in the GIS software environment. The results of this study showed that the air pollution situation in Tabriz in terms of air pollutants, ie sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide in the second half of the year is more than the first half of the year, so that among the air monitoring stations The field had the highest number of air pollution. Also, the results of the study of the effect of urban form and land use pattern on air pollution showed that urban form and land use are effective on air pollution.
Dr Pari Shokri Firoozjah, Dr Amir Bakhshi, Mr Javad Puriani, Ms Fateme Alipour Sourkhani,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
In urban spaces various heterogeneous and dissonant elements together cause to environmental disturbances. One of the most impotant of these elements that rarely is noted, is the color. Therefore, this study has been done with the aim of review and assess of color role effectiveness in upgrading quality space of Ramsar Chahrsad Dastgah town. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data were collected through questionnaires and photography. The statistical population of the study was estimated, according to Cochran formula, 300 people. In order to assess of quality indicators according to the role of color were examined 3 main index (spatial perception, readability and identity, diversity and vitality) and 20 variables. To analyze the indicators have been used from sample T-test and RGB models. According to one sample T-test, readability and identity Index with an average of 2.31, diversity and vitality with an average of 2.69 and spatial perception with an average 2.78 have had from least to greatest effect on the quality of the study area. Also according to the color palette extracted from sky, artificial body and vegetation layers, town of Chahrsad Dastgah are not rich in terms of color and promotion of the quality of urban space is not. Generally, in the town of Chahrsad Dastgah has been used less than coloring agent to increase the spatial perception, sense of life and identity.
D.r Ali Moradi, Moin Shafii Hagh Shenas, Elahe Binafar, Vahid Yahyavi Azar,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
The expansion and survival of the Corona virus in urban and rural areas of Iran can have different implications on the eyes of urban and rural development in the country. On the other hand, the Corona virus can be considered in the future of cities and villages as an opportunity for their development. Therefore, in this research, the purpose of the research was investigated using a futuristic approach that has a qualitative-descriptive approach. To achieve this goal, first using research literature and library studies, as well as the help of 50 experts in various educational areas, the effects and opportunities of the corona virus were presented. In the following, with the method of qualitative analysis and experts, the challenges and policies of coping with Corona were presented in urban and rural communities. The results of the study showed that the corona virus had had social, psychological, environmental and economic effects on urban and rural communities in the country. In addition, the effect of the Corona viruses, opportunities such as accelerating the use and diffusion of digital tools, increasing distance education, increasing services and health facilities caused by government investment to cope with corona, increasing the relationship between urban and rural areas, Reducing environmental pollution, reducing land degradation, water and other natural resources and mobilization and strengthening urban and rural networks. Also, the results showed that improving access to medical services, maintaining and developing basic services, support for jobs, businesses and improving digital infrastructure are the most important policies of reducing the effects of corona virus on urban and rural development in the country.
Mr Iraj Mahmoodpour, Dr Hossein Hataminejad, Dr Rahmatolah Farhoodi, Dr Jamile Tavakolinia,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
It has a complex and multi -dimensional conceptual life and guarantees the performance of the ecosystem from the smallest unit to the surface of the Earth, or in other words from local levels to world levels, and its patterns are quite different from one region to region. In this regard, in the past three decades, in addition to the human impacts, the use of harmful resources and industries, the vulgarity of the ozone, the greenhouse, the greenhouse and the effects of the phenomena, and the phenomena of the city, Various environmental and environmental and remedies have been increased, which has increased melods to zero. For this purpose, in this study, it has been attempted to identify and analyze the key propellers affecting biodiversity by emphasizing the environmental indicators in Tehran's 11 metropolitan area. In this study, with the technique of environmental and Delphi dynamics, 57 primary factors were extracted in eleven different areas and then, using the Delphi method of managers, the matrix of the components of the components was formed. Next, the matrix analysis has been analyzed through the Michemac software. The results of the distribution of variables on the axis of influence and influence of the factors in the Micmac software indicate the system's instability within the scope of the study, and therefore five categories of variables were identified. Finally, due to the high direct and indirect effect of factors, seven key factors were identified as key factors in the field of biodiversity, with emphasis on the environmental indices of the region. Among the preferences under consideration, the variables of public transport status (speed, accuracy, confidence, security, security, convenience, economic affordability) and public access to the green space had the highest impact on the biodiversity in the study area.
Hosein Shamsi, Rahmat Mohammadzadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
Lefebvre's theory has received much attention in the field of space production, and its importance is especially in the fact that it is systematically integrated in the categories of city and space as a comprehensive and comprehensible social theory.
The traditional planning of land use is completely abstract and formal and devoid of perceptual and meaningful components, but Lefouri's trialectic approach is not like this and consists of three virtues (spatial practice-spatial representation and representational space) that are in communication with each other and collaboratively and at the same time in the moment. They form, produce a whole.This research has a descriptive and analytical method, and in terms of its purpose, it is fundamental. The changes caused by the arrival of new paradigms in the approaches of urban planning and urban design, which assigns a different nature to the strategic system of urban development changes, and on the other hand, new attention to space and finding the concept of living space to be important, it seems that Lefebvre's trialectic approach is contrary to traditional user planning. The land values the everyday space and lived experience of the residents and can create spaces that increase the sense of place and sense of belonging of the residents to their living space.The review of the concepts shows that the concept of lived space (abstract-concrete space) was influenced by different approaches of the philosophy of science (interpretative and critical) and now it is witnessing an approach change (paradigm), which can show social transformations. This study shows that space-place (living space or space-love) is, unlike the previous definition of space based on positivist (mental and perceptual), abstract and generalist approaches, mainly a demarcated area of space that has physical-concrete characteristics and It is formed and filled with meaning through human experience.
Sayyed Mohammad Hosseini,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
for the spatial analysis of precipitation in the Middle East, have been used gridded precipitation data from the World Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) with a monthly temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.5×0.5 arc degrees. Therefore, a matrix of 80 x 160 dimensions was obtained for the Middle East region (160 longitudinal cells and 80 transverse cells). The reason for choosing network data is their proper spatial and temporal separation and their up-to-date compared to station data. The period under investigation is from 1970 to 2020 AD. Finally, the long-term maps of the Middle East precipitation were drawn on an annual and monthly basis. The results indicate that precipitation in the Middle East tends to concentrate and cluster in the spatial and temporal dimension. In other words, due to the special geographical location of the Middle East region, such as uneven topography, distance and proximity to moisture-feeding sources (Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean) and the direction of unevenness, Precipitation in high altitude areas, It is concentrated in the neighborhood of seas and oceans and also in the windy slopes of the mountain range of the region. The uneven distribution of geographical conditions has caused uneven distribution of Precipitation in the Middle East. So that; The center and gravity of the Middle Eastern Precipitation is concentrated in the eastern end of the Black Sea, southern Turkey in the neighborhood of Syria and Iraq, the Ararat-Zagors belt in the west of Iran, the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, the Pamir highlands and the Bay of Bengal in India, and the Hindu Kush highlands in Pakistan. Is. However, the many parts of the Middle East, due to their proximity to large deserts (African Sahara, Lut Desert, Dasht-Kavir, Arabia's Rab-al-Khali and Afghan deserts), have less than 100 mm of Precipitation. The results showed that the maximum Precipitation of this region has been transferred to the winter season, and the summer season is still the driest period in the Middle East, and only the coasts of the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal have monsoon rains
Dr. Vahab Amiri, Dr. Nassim Sohrabi, Dr. Seyed Mohammadali Moosavizadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the physicochemical composition of groundwater in the Qazvin aquifer. Based on the optimized Gibbs diagram, the concentration of samples at the end of the freshwater interaction path with silicate units results from geochemical evolution due to the dissolution of these geological units and an increase in the Na/(Na+Ca) ratio. The ion exchange mechanism was assessed using bivariate diagrams of Ca+Mg vs. SO4+HCO3 and Schoeller's chloro-alkaline indices CAI-1 and CAI-2. The results indicate that in 68% of the samples, direct ion exchange, and in 32%, reverse ion exchange control the groundwater chemistry. The changes in Ca vs. SO4 indicate that gypsum dissolution alone is not the source of these ions. These changes could be due to ion mobility and transport during pedogenic processes (sulfur biogeochemical cycle) and anthropogenic factors. The study also examined the role of factors such as agricultural input, atmospheric input, soil nitrogen, sewage input, manure input, chemical fertilizers, and the denitrification process in groundwater pollution using NO3/Na vs. Cl/Na and the NO3/Cl vs. Cl diagrams. The results reveal that agricultural and sewage inputs significantly impact the NO3 and Cl content. Furthermore, in some locations, especially in the southeast of the aquifer, the denitrification process causes a decrease in NO3 concentration. These findings can contribute to effective water resource management in this strategic aquifer by understanding the controlling mechanisms of physicochemical composition and identifying potential groundwater pollution sources.
