This study was performed to evaluate the extent of leaf area in Iran from (2002) to (2016) using Remote sensing. For this purpose, we extracted data collection and leaf area index for the Iranian territory from MODIS website. The database was established with programming in MATLAB software to perform mathematical and Statistical calculations repeated. After the analysis of the data in this software a monthly average long-term map was developed. The maps show that the central, East and South-East are almost empty of leaf area or seen very sparse in some areas. In contrast areas of leaves in the northern and western parts of Iran, are good, which generally includes fields, except forest Arasbaran and Hirkany. Precipitation and the temperature, is the main factors for the growth and development of plants, that these two conditions are enumerated in the west due to being on the way of westerly winds. Lowest leaf area index is for January and February and the highest average of leaf area is for May and June. Next, study of 15 years of leaf area index data by cluster analysis based on the calculation of Euclidean distance and Ward method, showed that all 12 months fit in the two main groups and, in fact, divided for two periods of strong and weak vegetation. In this analysis, , April during the cold period and October in the warm period of the year as the transition months and they are located on a separate cluster

One of the main ways to preserve the traditions and values of the past for future generations is to preserve the culture of the community, which can be addressed by the prosperity of tourism in cities.  One of the main ways to preserve the traditions and values of the past for future generations is to preserve the culture of the community, which can be addressed by the prosperity of tourism in cities.The purpose of this study is to explain the models of cultural tourism development in Iran. In the quantitative part of this research, in terms of controlling the studied variables, it is non-experimental, in terms of strategic survey and in terms of the nature of this research is applied. In relation to the research method, it seeks to identify the relationships between cultural tourism and the factors affecting it using the structural equation system. The nature of research is causal research. Considering the application of structural equation modeling to study and analyze the conceptual model of the research, the method of this research is correlational and variance-covariance matrix analysis. The statistical population in the quantitative section was all employees and managers of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization. In the quantitative part, the sampling method is stratified. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. Based on this, 383 samples were estimated. The tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire. To determine the validity and validity of the questionnaire, content validity as well as structural validity were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the research was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha test. The results of quantitative analysis showed that social indicators have the greatest impact among the leading indicators of cultural tourism in the country.

Identifying the level and trend of social capital among the people of a society can help to identify the social and cultural changes of that. The purpose of this study is to explain the development of social capital in urban water crisis management using factor analysis. This research is of applied-developmental type and descriptive-survey study method. The questionnaire is used to collect information and SPSS software and exploratory analysis statistical test is used to analyze the data. The statistical population includes the countrychr('39')s crisis and water supply managers (15 people chosen by targeted sampling); Also, all residents of Karaj during 1396 - 1395, which was used as a statistical sample using the Cochranchr('39')s table for 350 people, of which 44.3% were women and 55.7% were men. The results of statistical analysis showed that in people (sampled) of statistical population’s opinion the level of social capital was lower than what desired. Also, the factors involved in the development of social capital for the water shortage crisis were counted and measured in the form of 24 variables. And finally 5 items eliminated to be effective ones to development of social capital in crisis management of urban water which are ( in order of preferences ) social trust, motivating policies, change in attitude atmosphere, infrastructures of interactions and values in the society, mutual reconciliation between people and government