Showing 242 results for Co
Abdolali Torabi, Sadroddin Motavlli, Gholamreza Janbaz Ghobadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life and their number and diversity are increasing every day, are a major challenge to achieve sustainable development of human societies. Hence, the prevailing view of focusing solely on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience to disasters has shifted. The purpose of this study is to explain the components of urban resilience against natural hazards with emphasis on floods in Behshahr. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and in addition to documents and library studies, a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups of citizens living in the neighborhoods around the four rivers of Behshahr. After collecting field information that was completed using a questionnaire tool, from SPSS, MINITAB and PLS software and using multi-criteria decision making (SAW) methods to investigate the situation and explain the components of urban resilience in Against natural hazards such as floods and GIS software was used to zoning areas based on flood resilience. The results show that among the dimensions of resilience, the economic dimension has the highest weight and is in the first place and the physical, infrastructure and environmental dimension has the lowest weight and is in the last place. Neighborhoods around the rivers of Behshahr city are ranked based on flood resistance status, which shows that Shahed neighborhood is in the first place and Borzoo neighborhood is in the last place.
Dr Mitra Saberi, Dr Amir Karam, Parviz Zeaiean, Ali Ahmadabadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
many geomorphic landforms have fractal structures and their formation and transformation can be explained by mathematical relations. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the fractal behavior of landforms of macro geomorphologic regions of Iran,as well as studying and analyzing topographic and landform characteristics based on fractal relationships, and also, analyzing the characteristics of dominant geomorphologic processes based on the theory of fractals. In this study, the contour lines of different landforms of Iran (according to the territorial types) including mountains,hills, plateaus, Plain Domains, Fan Breakout, fan alluvial, for pixel sizes of 30,90,200 m, were drawn and their fractal dimension was estimated by using the box-counting method. The morphometric characteristics of the landforms and their fractal dimensions with indexes (max, mean and standard deviation) related to the five variables (height, gradient, profile curvature and planar curvature of the metric) were analyzed by Arc GIS software at each layer.After investigating their correlation with the fractal dimension, the regression analysis was performed binary and the relationship between the fractal dimension,topography, landforms and processes was analyzed. The fractal dimension has the highest correlation coefficient with the gradient and the standard deviation indices, and the lowest coefficient with the profile curvature and the mean index Moreover, for larger pixel sizes, the correlation coefficient decreases between the indices and the fractal dimension.This research can provide a ground for further research on fractal geometry in geography, geomorphology, geology, environment and other Earth sciences.
Mr Alireza Shojaei Nouri, Dr Gholamreza Janbazghobadi, Dr Sadrodin Motevalli,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Coastal environmental degradation as a result of Caspian Sea water level fluctuation are very probable and human behaviors in non-optimal choice of the land use locate intensify these losses. Coastal tourism, as one of the coastal land uses is heavily influenced by fluctuations in sea level in both marine transgression-regression statuses. In current study, to investigate the Caspian Sea water level fluctuation impacts on coastal land use and urban tourism (Noor and Royan Cities), at first, sea level historical recorded data in Baku, Bandar Anzali and Nowshahr tide gauge stations were studied during 1840 to 2019. Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images and histogram filtering were used to extract the shorelines corresponding to the mentioned levels. Survey the tide gauge data showed that the lowest and highest water levels were recorded in 1977 (-28.5 meter) and 1993 (25.24 meter), respectively. According to the latest water level data, its value on November 2019 has reached the lowest level in the last three decades (-27.31 meter). 214 hectares of coastal lands of Noor and Royan Cities have been submerged due to the Caspian Sea water level rising from 1977 to 1995. Analyzing the Royan city land use in relation to the shoreline of July 1995 shows that 11 city blocks have went beyond this shoreline and have expanded to the sea. Interesting facts about these 11 blocks is that they are residential and tourism land uses. Also, in the coastal zone of Noor city, three important utilities of coastal tourism, including groin built in the breakwater of Noor recreational port, Negin Noor coastal complex and floating pier of Aryan Hotel, are the most important utilities related to Caspian Sea water level fluctuation that their performance is strongly influenced by these fluctuations.
Ali Ahmadi, Majid Vali Shariat Panahi, Reza Borna, Rahmatollah Farhoodi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Due to the many complexities, housing planning, especially for vulnerable groups, in a city as large as Tehran, requires a model to simplify the process and speed up calculations, which does not currently exist. With the aim of solving this problem, the present study proposes a model with the following steps: 1) Explaining the objectives 2) Estimating the housing needs of the target community 3) Identifying expandable areas 4) Proposing construction patterns 5) Proposing dispersion patterns 6) Calculations and patterns Financial and 7) suggest operating patterns. The information required to implement the model was collected from two questionnaires and data from the Statistics Center. In this model, three housing models with minimum, optimal and average areas and three types of existing housing construction, 100% infrastructure and freeing up the yard space were used as public urban space. The proposed zoning was adapted to the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality due to compliance with the available data. Sales price and financial calculations were calculated based on the internal rate of return of 20% and contract subsidies, and finally 4 free transfer models, lifelong lease, lease on condition of ownership in the program areas were proposed. The results show that one of the problems in this sector is the lack of appropriate decision-making structure and planning tools that can provide a comprehensive and complete review of the current situation, comprehensive and comprehensive solutions. Therefore, according to the model and using the indicators used, regions 2, 6 and 13 have the lowest and regions 19 and 22 have the highest potential for housing development of low-income and vulnerable groups, and finally, the model has suggested the most housing in regions 22, 4, 19 and 11.
Zeinab Mohebbi, Dr Farzaneh Sasanpour, Dr Ali Shamaei, Dr Habib Fasihi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Today, cities are looking for advanced ways to improve their individual personality and one of the most important strategies is to characterize the characteristics of city branding, which can be a solution for the development and improvement of the city. Qom metropolis, as one of the religious and historical cities of Iran with a cultural-religious role at the national level, hosts a large number of tourists every year, but the tourists who stay in the city are very few and it seems that the city can find a solution. Have. development of the city. This research analyzes the composition of branding of Qom in metropolitan areas and finally determines the position and level of the metropolis based on branding ranking. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and research method. The researcher's self-made questionnaire was used in the field method. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts (30 people). The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula in SPSS 19 software equal to 0.76. TOPSIS method was used to rank the regions and Arc GIS 11 was used to produce the maps. Based on the obtained results, the 4th region of Qom city is in a favorable condition and the 2nd region is in an unfavorable condition, and the city of Qom is in an average condition in terms of management, physical and social, and in an unfavorable condition in terms of economy. Since the commercial and economic indicators of Qom metropolis are in a bad situation, paying attention to the increase of capital in the city can improve the urban environment, which as a result can be achieved as a resistance economy. From a physical point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the elements and symbols of the city are permanent in the minds of the beneficiaries of the city.
Somayeh Jahan Tigh Mond, Dr Mostaf Hadavand Mirzaei,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The development of nature-based tourism is dependent on the introduction and attention to the attraction of natural tourism attractions. In fact, identifying the factors affecting the increase in the attractiveness of ecotourism and geotourias places is among the most important issues in the development of tourism and naturalization of an area. According to this, the purpose of the present paper is also to investigate the factors affecting the attractiveness of tourist and geotorrhean locations in the study area. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of its method, descriptive-analytic. The data collection tool and information questionnaire and interview are. The statistical population of the research is experts and specialists in Tourism in Khorramabad in Lorestan province. In this research, 50 experts and natural tourism specialists were selected as samples. The research results indicate that four factors of ecotourist and geotourist tourism products, natural assets, and development of tourism infrastructure and create opportunities of nature-centered tourism boom are the most important factors in increasing the attractiveness of tourist places and geotorrhea. Also, the results showed that the strengthening of regional tourism infrastructure, private sector investment in tourism and the recognition of natural tourism capacities and tourism attractions, and planning for its development, are the most important strategies for development of natural tourism in Khorramabad.
Dr Ahmad Rashidi Nejad, Dr Murad Kaviani Rad, Dr Afshin Mottaghi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Security complex represents a unique group of countries where the process of "security building" and "making insecure" or both for this group of countries are increasingly related with each other. In other words, their main security concern is so intertwined that their security problems cannot be solved independently. Thus conceived, "hydropolitic complexes" include those countries which are geographically the owner and from technical point of view, are the user of part of the shared river. In fact, a group of the countries which are considered to be part of a region due to their water resources (rivers, lakes and aquifers), would have no common geographical borders but their "national security" and "hydropolitic security" are so interrelated that their security and hydropolitc problems cannot be resolved without their cooperation. The methodology of current descriptive-analytic study focused on Mesopotamia and Hirmand drainage basins (in parts of Iran), is grounded on the hypothesis that in a hydropolitic complex in the same way that the threatening of water security of each one of the member states might lead to the threatening of national security of other members, some threats can be posed against the water security of each one of the member states due to the threatening of the national security of other members. The data required for this research have been collected using library sources (books, journals and internet). The results of this study showed that how hydropolitic security is endangered following the eruption of insecurity in Afghanistan. At Tigris and Euphrates Basin, the climate changes and Turkey's inattention to hydropolitic security of Syria (by closing the floodgates of the dams) provided the ground for the emergence of internal crisis in Syria, and its reverberations posed serious threats against the security of Turkey, Iraq and Iran.
Mrs Arezoo Momenian, Dr Morteza Mirgholami, Dr Azita Balali Oskoyi, Dr Aida Maleki,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Considering that more than one third of energy consumption is related to residential areas, proper planning and design of neighborhoods according to the climatic conditions of each region can be an effective step towards reducing energy consumption. It aims to optimize energy consumption in the residential blocks of Rushdieh neighborhood in Tabriz. Investigating and understanding the energy consumption situation in Rushdieh neighborhood of Tabriz, its capabilities and bottlenecks in planning is very important, if they are not paid attention to and there are no efficient strategic plans, it will lead to an increase in social, economic and environmental instability. According to its nature, the research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. It is related to the intended goals of the research, the statistical population of the research is the professors, experts and elites of urban planning, which has been used to examine the indicators and strategies. The method of selecting people was targeted and snowball. Finally, the results showed that the formulation of policies, practical measures to improve the design of main roads and local accesses in the direction of neighborhood air conditioning should be emphasized as the most important strategy. In order to reduce energy consumption, the development of neighborhood design policies and residential blocks with the goals of using wind energy to reduce energy consumption have been placed in the second and third ranks of this prioritization, respectively.
- Zahra Ghorbanalimezerji, - Hamdollah Sojasi Qedari, - Khadijeh Bozargomehri,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Religious events in a region show the beliefs and sanctity of that place by humans; Rituals and celebrations can have economic and social benefits for the region. Therefore, by examining and analyzing the economic and social effects of events, it is possible to help organize better and more diverse events and tourism in the region. Therefore, in this research, the main goal is to evaluate the impact of religious events tourism on the social and economic dimensions of villages. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population studied consisted of 323 heads of households living in 6 selected villages that organize religious events in Nishabur county and new county of Zabarkhan. SPSS software was used to analyze the findings. The findings of the research show that the highest average belongs to the social dimension with an average of 1.94. Also, the analysis of factors using chi-square (x2) and inferential statistics, normality, one-sample t-test, analysis of variance, Friedman, independent t-test were used. The tests showed that the social and economic effects of tourism of religious events in the studied villages are low, and the people of the region considered the ideological and spiritual nature of the event and did not pay attention to its tourism characteristics. Therefore, it is suggested to provide the necessary infrastructure for holding religious events in rural areas as well as possible, and to conduct more researches in this connection, as well as to create a suitable economic environment and increase employment during events, to prepare brochures or resumes for introduction. area or local event to be addressed.
Hossein Asakereh, Mansureh Taheri,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
One of the climatic characteristics of temperature is the occurrence of extreme temperature. In the present study, the trend of hot days with extreme temperature associated with the coastal plains of the Persian Gulf was investigated. Two environmental and atmospheric databases were used. Environmental data include the average of daily maximum temperature reported from 12 synoptic stations in Persian Gulf coastline (Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Bandar Abbas Provinces) from 1961 to the end of 2018. The extreme temperature for each day temperature was defined to be higher than the average of 75th percentile of the observations at each station and on the same day. Also, the ‘day with extreme temperature’ was applied to a day when the extreme temperature occurred in at least 50% of the stations. The number of hot days with extreme temperature in the study is 554 days, of which 291 days occurred in the warm season and 263 days in the cold season. These days were classified into six groups by performing cluster analysis on sea-level pressure in hot days. Then, for each group, the trend of hot days was examined. In general, it can be concluded that the slope of the line in all groups except the fourth and sixth groups were positive and, as a result, hot days with extreme temperature were increasing.
Sara Kiani, Raziyeh Lak, Babak Najafi Ha, Ali Ahmad Abadi, Zahra Haftani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Gorgan Bay is considered a geological landscape and a coastal sedimentary environment in the southeast of the Caspian Sea. The hydrodynamics of the coasts of this region is subject to the general hydrodynamics of the Caspian Sea. Due to the low slope topography of these beaches, the slightest change in the sea level will lead to hundreds of meters from place to place in the coastline of this area. Changes in the water level of the Caspian Sea is an environmental and coastal management problem, and today the decreasing trend of the water level of the Caspian Sea during the last few decades has caused destructive effects such as land formation on the coasts of Gorgan Bay. In order to investigate the effect of changes in the level of the Caspian Sea on the southern shores of Gorgan Bay in a period of 66 years, existing reports and studies have been used and field surveys have been used, and the coastlines of the studied area have been monitored through the processing of aerial photos from 1955 and Landsat satellite images. MSS, TM, ETM and +ETM have been carried out in the years 1975-2021 in Arc GIS and ENVI software. Coastal changes were processed during 4 periods. During this period, the level of the Caspian Sea water level fluctuated between -26.5 and -28.7 . Based on the results obtained from satellite images and field visits of Gorgan Bay, 1 stage of water level increase in the period of 1995-1985 by the amount of 131 square kilometers and 3 stages of water level decrease in the years 1955, 1985-1975 and 2021-1995 by the amount of It has covered 246 square kilometers.
Professor Keramat Ollah Ziari, Mr Amin Mahmoudiazar, Mr Khalil Jangjoo, Leila Aslani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
One of the issues raised in the developing countries of the world is the issue of reducing damages caused by natural and man-made hazards. Various theories and paradigms such as crisis management and resilience have been proposed to reduce the level of risk vulnerability. Among the mentioned vulnerabilities is physical vulnerability. Now, the most important question that is raised in this research is whether according to the various studies that have been done in the field of physical vulnerability, apart from objective measures, the level of satisfaction of the residents has also been examined and whether it exists. Is there a relationship between objective and subjective indicators in this field? The case study studied in this research is Region 4 of Urmia City, which has a problematic context. This research is of an applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical, to examine this objective and subjective relationship of physical vulnerability, first objective variables were examined using spatial analysis and then subjective variables were examined using a Likert scale. questionnaire. And finally, this relationship has been measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The research results indicate that according to the correlation coefficient of 0.623 between subjective and objective variables; There is a significant relationship between the objective view (reality on the ground) and the subjective view (satisfaction of residents) in the field of urban physical vulnerability indicators.
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Dr Abed Golkarami, Dr Mohammad Yousefi Shatouri, Dr Afshin Mottaghi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Water diplomacy, as one of the effective tools in the management of shared water resources—particularly in regions with transboundary rivers—plays a crucial role in reducing tensions and strengthening regional cooperation. This study, employing an applied approach and a descriptive–analytical method, provides a geopolitical analysis of water diplomacy in Iran’s border rivers. To better conceptualize the issue, three converging theoretical frameworks in international relations—neoliberal institutionalism, liberalism, and constructivism—are utilized. Accordingly, the main research question explores how these theoretical approaches can contribute to an effective analysis of water diplomacy in Iran’s transboundary river basins. The central hypothesis posits that an integrative application of these theories can lead to a more accurate understanding of geopolitical relations, reduction of regional tensions, and enhancement of cooperation mechanisms between Iran and neighboring countries in managing shared water resources. The findings—drawn from the application of these approaches to three case studies (Helmand, Harirud, and Aras rivers)—indicate that despite their theoretical differences, all three frameworks emphasize institutional capacity building, economic interdependence, and the formation of shared identities and norms. These elements, in turn, can provide a solid foundation for enhancing water diplomacy across Iran’s borders. The study also highlights that adopting a synthesized approach can significantly assist policymakers in formulating comprehensive and multi-dimensional strategies for the sustainable management of transboundary water resources.
Mr Masoud Safari Aliakbari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In the current situation, artificial intelligence can improve rural management performance through optimizing resource use, predicting environmental changes, and making intelligent decisions.The aim of the present study is to investigating the impact of artificial intelligence on rural management performance with the mediating role of environmental dynamics in rural areas of Kermanshah county. This research is descriptive in terms of method, applied-practical in terms of purpose, and correlational in terms of nature. The statistical population includes 1300 village heads and council members in the villages of Kermanshah city. The sample size using the Morgan table is 297 people and the sampling method is simple random. The research tools include standard questionnaires for artificial intelligence from Carl Albrecht (2003) with 21 items, for measuring environmental dynamics, the Vera and Crossan questionnaire (2009) with 5 items, and for measuring performance, the Patterson questionnaire (1970) with 15 questions. The validity was confirmed by face, content and construct methods and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha at 0.861. The collected data were analyzed based on structural equation path analysis in PLS software. The results showed that artificial intelligence had a positive and significant effect on rural management performance with an impact coefficient of 0.889 and a T value of 217.42, artificial intelligence had a positive and significant effect on environmental dynamics with an impact coefficient of 0.876 and a T value of 0.044, and environmental dynamics had a positive and significant effect on rural management performance with an impact coefficient of 0.273 and a T value of 4.938. Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that artificial intelligence had an effect on rural management performance with a mediating role of environmental dynamics with a T value of 9.361. Therefore, artificial intelligence can play a very important role in rural management performance, especially in optimizing resources, improving public services, environmental management and increasing agricultural productivity.
Dr Ali Haghizadeh, Mr Nooraldin Moridi, Mrs Leila Ghasemi, Mrs Atefeh Bosak,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Evaporation is considered a critical factor in water balance systems, accounting for substantial water loss from lakes. With advancements in remote sensing technologies and computational algorithms, the estimation of evaporation from water surfaces has undergone significant transformation. This study employed the SEBAL algorithm within the Google Earth Engine platform to estimate evaporation from the Ayvashan Dam reservoir. Landsat 8 satellite imagery was processed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to compute pixel-level evapotranspiration using the SEBAL algorithm. The results revealed that across all three study dates (10/07/2024, 04/08/2024, and 26/08/2024), the evaporation rate near the center of the dam reservoir was consistently higher than in peripheral areas. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that implementing the SEBAL algorithm in the Google Earth Engine platform maintains reasonable accuracy despite challenges such as limited access to pan evaporation data and the 11 km distance between the meteorological station and study area - a finding supported by statistical metrics (RMSE = 2.4 and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.83). Calculated evaporation rates for July, August, and September were 9.15 mm, 12.7 mm, and 9.34 mm respectively, indicating substantial water loss from the reservoir. These findings underscore the algorithm's effectiveness in evaporation estimation even under constrained ground data conditions. Given that precipitation in the study area occurs primarily as short-term episodic events with predominantly dry conditions throughout the year, water conservation during arid periods becomes particularly crucial.
, Vahid Riahi,
Volume 14, Issue 35 (3-2015)
Abstract
Iran's rural settlements, in spite of their comprehensive and multi-faceted developments in the last decades, are still considered to be among the settlements faced with crucial challenges in the face of environmental hazards. As a result, prearrangement for upcoming events and disasters, as well as paying attention to the management of rural disaster in dealing with particularly natural events turn out to be necessary. The rural areas of Sarwabad, in Kurdistan, are also considered among the areas susceptible to natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and landslides. The purpose of the research is the identification of settlements, and safe and hazardous landslide zones with particular focus on disaster management in Sarwabad. This research is methodologically analytical and essentially functional, and, by using geographical information system (GIS) and the analytical hierarchical process (AHP), the researchers analyzed the data and the layers and provided the ultimate version of combined hazard maps and also overlaying maps for the purpose of factorial assessment. The findings have been in the form of spatio-populatory analysis of the settlements, and resulted in identifying the safe and unsafe villages and zones. Moreover, it is found that nearly 46 percent of the rural population and 31 villages of the area are located in safe or low-hazard-level landslides, while the rest of the settlements and rural population are located in the mid and high-hazard-level zones and, as such, are need to be secured in these zones.
Alireza Darban Astaneh,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (6-2015)
Abstract
Today in democratic governments, accountability to people and obtain the consent of them form local services is important for people's participation in local governance and consequently it is important to organizational success. In rural areas, wide range of services offered by local public organizations. Rural Satisfaction with the quality of their services, is one of the public performance indicators. The purpose of this study was to measure and analyze the rural people satisfaction from services quality of local organizations in Ilam province. Research Statistical Unit, is all villages with over 20 households in Ilam province. Research Statistical population is all members of the village councils and the study was done by counting all. The overall 1130 questionnaires were collected from 398 villages. The data were collected using a closed questionnaire.The model of Service Quality Gaps was used to assessment of villager’s satisfaction and One sample Chi-square used to analysis and assessment of comments. Also Cluster analysis was used to compare and cluster the villagers' satisfaction and one way ANOVA tests and Duncan's post hoc test was used to compare the satisfaction of villagers in different counties. The results showed that the villagers have little satisfaction in all of the local organizations. Cluster analysis results show that villagers are the most satisfaction from primary education, rural health centers and telephone services. Also ANOVA results show that villagers in Dehloran County are less and Ilam County most satisfied with the public services. Correlation analysis revealed that a positive correlation exists between index of rural enjoyment and the public consensus. Also there is a negative correlation between distance of accessibility index and the public consensus.
Hakimeh Behboudi, Mohammad Saligheh, Ali Bayat, Akram Zakeri, Fatemeh Jamali,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (6-2015)
Abstract
Understanding weather zoning and knowing homogeneous climate regions are essential for land use and regional planning. The aim of this study was to compare three different geographical climate of Iran, the Caspian coastal, mountainous and arid interior of the provinces of Mazandaran, Semnan, Tehran, Qazvin, Qom, and Markazi. In order to do this study, climatic data of 56 synoptic and climatology stations and 19 climatic elements were used by using cluster analysis and factor analysis models. For this purpose, a matrix with dimensions of 56 x 19 and the R configuration and as a database was used for segmentation. By applying factor analysis based on principal components analysis with Varimax orthogonal rotation it was determined that in the climate of these three regions, four factors of humidity, temperature, dust and thunderstorms are affecting more than 85% of the total variance of the climate of this region. The hierarchical cluster analysis method and integration into the matrix of factor scores, four main and several sub-region areas were identified.The main areas are hot, dry desert area, low rainfall mountain slopes, the mountainous and cold and semi-rainy regions and high rainfall and finally the moderate high rainfall. The study of four areas and their local and regional conditions shows that the neighborhood with humidity source such as the Caspian Sea and rough configurations such Alborz Mountains play a decisive role in the formation of north sub-areas.
Hamid Jalalian, Fariosh Namdari, Asghar Pashazadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (6-2015)
Abstract
Nowadays most of the countries have chosen the tourism as a development strategy for the rural areas. The Hajij village with worthy natural, cultural and anthropological heritage has known as a tourism destination in Kermanshah province and west of Iran. In this research, the effects of tourism are studied in this village. The methodology is descriptive-analytic method. The necessary data were collected through both library and field methods. The population of this study equals to 180 persons- based on Cochran Table- including the 130 residents, 15 local governors and 35 visitors were selected by simple random method. Research tools include a researcher made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of the universities professor's and experts of executive organizations. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated at 0.867 using Cranach’s alpha test based on 20 pretesting. Data analysis was held by factor analysis in SPSS 21 software. The research findings showed that there are six main factors among 30 variables which interpret 70 percent of the variance of the tourism effects the most important is physical- facilitator effects. Moreover, the positive effects were %65.8 and the negative ones were %34.2 based on factor analysis.
Hossein Nzmfar, Ameneh Alibakhshi, Soheyla Bakhtar,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (6-2015)
Abstract
With the aim of development and reducing regional inequalities, regional planning is one of the most important subiects in developing countries. Regional planning requires the identification of the position of areas relative to each other in terms of their development. The aim of this study is to investigate and assess the level of Kermanshah province in terms of development indicators in order to find out the level of regional inequalities. The population of Kermanshah province is considered as statistical population. According to the investigated parameters of the research approach, it is “Descriptive - quantitative and analytical". This research is trying to use the 61 indicators based on 1390 almanac statistics and utilizes three statistical techniques of Vikor, Electre, SAW and integration of results with Copeland technique, classify existing inequalities in Kermanshah province. The results show that the Levels of development has been unbalanced and there is large gap and inequality among different cities of province in terms of development. The difference and inequality exist in various sectors of infrastructure such as economic, health, education, culture, social welfare and social. Only one city Gilangharb is developed and the rest of cities are semi- developed and deprived. To reduce inequalities in development in the province it is suggested that distribution of health, education and infrastructure indicators should be directed towards balanced growth and the index of infrastructure be emphasized more than the other indicators.
