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Landslides are among the most common and destructive natural hazards that change the shape of the earth's surface, and reviewing the damages caused by landslides, the need to investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of this phenomenon and predict its occurrence. proves that Khalkhal City, due to its special geological, climatic, and geomorphological characteristics and human activities, has been affected by the risk of landslides for a long time. Therefore, considering the importance of the issue; The purpose of this research is to produce a landslide risk map in this city. In this regard, first, the distribution map of landslides and influencing variables, including; DEM, slope, aspect, land use, lithology, distance from fault, distance from river, distance from road, and rainfall were provided. Next, after the fuzzy membership and determining the weight values of each factor using the CRITIC method, the landslide susceptibility map was prepared using the MARCOS multi-criteria decision-making method. The results of the study showed, respectively; that The factors of slope, land use, and lithology with weight coefficients of 0.148, 0.139, and 0.132 have the greatest influence on the occurrence of landslides in the region. According to the results of the research, respectively; 707.14 and 512.87 square kilometers of the area of the city are in high-risk and very high-risk categories, and these areas are areas that need management work and the implementation of protection projects. Also, considering the use of the ROC curve method the area under the curve (0.89), and the correlation of 0.83% between the final map obtained from the research and the distribution of sliding surfaces, the accuracy of the MARCOS method in identifying and zoning prone areas The risk of landslides in Khalkhal city is great.
 

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In many developing countries, including Iran, urban development is one of the most important factors in land use change. Most cities, in their turn, have caused the destruction of agricultural land and have been covered by urban expansion. This is a matter of economic and agricultural activity, especially in province like Gilan, due to temperate climate and fertile soil, which is one of the things that demands that appropriate planning prevent the uncontrolled expansion of these cities. In this regard, we aimed to study the land suitability analysis as a tool for planning and predicting an optimal urban development model in cities under the multi criteria decision making (WLC and TOPSIS models) in the GIS and based on various indicators at Foman and Shafts in western Gilan. The results showed that the output classification of the two models used was different, but suitable areas for urban development were overlapping in two methods. The most suitable areas for urban development are found in northern and eastern parts. Also, land use has the highest importance in zoning. Based on the results, the inner development of the cities is recommended as the first priority.