Volume 14, Issue 54 (Winter 2026)
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Amiri S, Garakani S A, Zinati Fakhrabad H, Sarmadi Syfi A A. Identifying the Prerequisites and Components of Technological Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas (Case Study: Khaf). serd 2026; 14 (54) : 1
URL: http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-4080-en.html
URL: http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-4080-en.html
1- Rural Development Studies Center, Natural Disaster Research, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,sagarakani@iau.ac.ir
2- Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (901 Views)
Objective: This study aims to identify the prerequisites and components related to technological entrepreneurship in the rural areas of the Khaf territorial system. Given the concentration of technological development in urban areas and the deprivation of rural communities from its benefits, this research investigates strategies for promoting technological entrepreneurship as a tool for reducing migration, strengthening the local economy, and improving the quality of life in rural regions.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts active in the field of rural entrepreneurship. The data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding processes.
Results: The results revealed that the factors influencing technological entrepreneurship fall into three categories: (1) individual factors such as motivation, risk tolerance, and technological skills; (2) environmental factors, including access to digital infrastructure, governmental support, and a culture receptive to technology; and (3) structural factors such as supportive policies and inter-institutional cooperation. Major challenges identified include mono-product economies, lack of specialized training, absence of communication infrastructure, and gender inequality. Proposed strategies include identifying local capacities, developing infrastructure, targeted training, and strengthening community participation.
Conclusions: Technological entrepreneurship can contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas by generating new employment opportunities, enhancing productivity, and preserving cultural identity. Developing a coherent framework that emphasizes local conditions and coordination between governmental and private institutions is essential for the success of this approach. The findings of this study provide practical insights for rural development policymakers and planners to design and implement more effective programs based on the key identified factors.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts active in the field of rural entrepreneurship. The data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding processes.
Results: The results revealed that the factors influencing technological entrepreneurship fall into three categories: (1) individual factors such as motivation, risk tolerance, and technological skills; (2) environmental factors, including access to digital infrastructure, governmental support, and a culture receptive to technology; and (3) structural factors such as supportive policies and inter-institutional cooperation. Major challenges identified include mono-product economies, lack of specialized training, absence of communication infrastructure, and gender inequality. Proposed strategies include identifying local capacities, developing infrastructure, targeted training, and strengthening community participation.
Conclusions: Technological entrepreneurship can contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas by generating new employment opportunities, enhancing productivity, and preserving cultural identity. Developing a coherent framework that emphasizes local conditions and coordination between governmental and private institutions is essential for the success of this approach. The findings of this study provide practical insights for rural development policymakers and planners to design and implement more effective programs based on the key identified factors.
Article number: 1
Keywords: Rural Development, Khaf, Risk-Taking, Technological Entrepreneurship, Grounded Theory Model
References
1. Bailetti, T. (2012). Technology entrepreneurship: Overview, definition, and distinctive aspects. Technology Innovation Management Review, 2(2), 5–12.
2. Darban Astaneh, M. R. , Shayan, H. , Annabestani, A. A. & Sojasi Gheydari, H. (2020). Investigating Structural Factors Affecting Innovation in Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Faruj). Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 17(2), 67-100. (in Persian)
3. Dehshiri, M. R. (2016). Globalization and Sustainable Development. Journals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 4(2), 64-75. (in Persian)
4. Elia, G., Margherita, A. & Petti, C. (2016). An operational model to develop technology entrepreneurship “EGO-System”. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(5), Article 1640008.
5. Emami, S. F. & Darban Astaneh, A. R. (2021). Using effective predictions in the field of rural physical production of Gilan province using research research. Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal, 2(1), 115-144. (in Persian)
6. Faraji Sabokbar, H., Badri, S. A., Sojasi Qidari, H., Sadeghloo, T. & Shahdadi Khaje Asgar, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship Development Ranking (Gradation) in Rural Area by Using of PROMETEE Technique. Human Geography Research, 43(1), 53-68. )In Persian)
7. Heydari Sarban, V. (2012). Prioritizing barriers affecting rural women’s entrepreneurship using the AHP method (Case study: Ardabil Province). Journal of Women’s Social Psychological Studies, 10(2), 159–177. (in Persian)
8. Jahannian, R. (2011). Investigating strategies for developing entrepreneurship in technical and vocational colleges of the Islamic Azad University. Educational Research and Management Quarterly, 2, 38–52. (in Persian)
9. Jamini, D. & Jamshidi, A. (2021). Modeling the Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship Indicators in Rural Areas of Iran (Case study: Owramanat Region, Kermanshah Province). Spatial Planning, 11(3), 73-94. (in Persian)
10. Johnson, D. (2006). Entrepreneurship education: Towards a discipline-based framework. Journal of Management Development, 25(1), 40–54.
11. Kheyrandish, M., Mohammadi Khiyareh, M. & Amini, H. (2019). The impact of innovation on rural development with emphasis on the mediating role of rural entrepreneurship (Case study: North Khorasan Province). Journal of Rural Development Strategies, 5(4), 441–453. (in Persian)
12. Mafakheri, L. (2021). Investigating and Explaining the Necessities of Benefiting from Technological Entrepreneurship in the Rural Development Process (Case Study of Gharanabad Village, Gorgan). Geography and Human Relationships, 3(4), 557-569. (in Persian)
13. Maysami, A., Mohammadi Elyasi, G. , Mobini Dehkordi, A. & Hejazi, S. R. (2018). The Dimensions and Components of Technological Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Iran. Journal of Technology Development Management, 5(4), 9-42. (in Persian)
14. Mousavi, S., Jabal Ameli, J. & Babaei, P. (2012). An overview of the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities. Proceedings of the National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Knowledge-Based Business Management, Babolsar, Iran, 1–16. (in Persian) https://civilica.com/doc/174810
15. Noor Fzlinda, F., Fabeil, J.L.H., Nga, J.L.H., Rasid, M., & Roslinah, M. (2017). Investigating the motivating factors and prospects for rural community involvement in entrepreneurship: Evidence from Mantanani Island, Sabah, Malaysia. London United Kingdom Conference, 19(1), 79-91.
16. Sadeghi, M. & setayeshmanesh, M. (2022). Investigating the entrepreneurial development capacities of rural areas (Case study: Rural district of Northern Panjeh Ali, City of Ghorveh). Geography and Human Relationships, 5(1), 1-25. (in Persian)
17. Shahraki, R. (2014). Spatial analysis of barriers and limitations to the economic and social empowerment of rural households. Master’s thesis, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol. (In Persian)
18. Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Successful intelligence as a basis for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 189–201.
19. Bailetti, T. (2012). Technology entrepreneurship: Overview, definition, and distinctive aspects. Technology Innovation Management Review, 2(2), 5–12.
20. Darban Astaneh, M. R. , Shayan, H. , Annabestani, A. A. & Sojasi Gheydari, H. (2020). Investigating Structural Factors Affecting Innovation in Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Faruj). Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 17(2), 67-100. (in Persian)
21. Dehshiri, M. R. (2016). Globalization and Sustainable Development. Journals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 4(2), 64-75. (in Persian)
22. Elia, G., Margherita, A. & Petti, C. (2016). An operational model to develop technology entrepreneurship “EGO-System”. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(5), Article 1640008.
23. Emami, S. F. & Darban Astaneh, A. R. (2021). Using effective predictions in the field of rural physical production of Gilan province using research research. Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal, 2(1), 115-144. (in Persian)
24. Faraji Sabokbar, H., Badri, S. A., Sojasi Qidari, H., Sadeghloo, T. & Shahdadi Khaje Asgar, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship Development Ranking (Gradation) in Rural Area by Using of PROMETEE Technique. Human Geography Research, 43(1), 53-68. )In Persian)
25. Heydari Sarban, V. (2012). Prioritizing barriers affecting rural women’s entrepreneurship using the AHP method (Case study: Ardabil Province). Journal of Women’s Social Psychological Studies, 10(2), 159–177. (in Persian)
26. Jahannian, R. (2011). Investigating strategies for developing entrepreneurship in technical and vocational colleges of the Islamic Azad University. Educational Research and Management Quarterly, 2, 38–52. (in Persian)
27. Jamini, D. & Jamshidi, A. (2021). Modeling the Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship Indicators in Rural Areas of Iran (Case study: Owramanat Region, Kermanshah Province). Spatial Planning, 11(3), 73-94. (in Persian)
28. Johnson, D. (2006). Entrepreneurship education: Towards a discipline-based framework. Journal of Management Development, 25(1), 40–54.
29. Kheyrandish, M., Mohammadi Khiyareh, M. & Amini, H. (2019). The impact of innovation on rural development with emphasis on the mediating role of rural entrepreneurship (Case study: North Khorasan Province). Journal of Rural Development Strategies, 5(4), 441–453. (in Persian)
30. Mafakheri, L. (2021). Investigating and Explaining the Necessities of Benefiting from Technological Entrepreneurship in the Rural Development Process (Case Study of Gharanabad Village, Gorgan). Geography and Human Relationships, 3(4), 557-569. (in Persian)
31. Maysami, A., Mohammadi Elyasi, G. , Mobini Dehkordi, A. & Hejazi, S. R. (2018). The Dimensions and Components of Technological Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Iran. Journal of Technology Development Management, 5(4), 9-42. (in Persian)
32. Mousavi, S., Jabal Ameli, J. & Babaei, P. (2012). An overview of the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities. Proceedings of the National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Knowledge-Based Business Management, Babolsar, Iran, 1–16. (in Persian) https://civilica.com/doc/174810
33. Noor Fzlinda, F., Fabeil, J.L.H., Nga, J.L.H., Rasid, M., & Roslinah, M. (2017). Investigating the motivating factors and prospects for rural community involvement in entrepreneurship: Evidence from Mantanani Island, Sabah, Malaysia. London United Kingdom Conference, 19(1), 79-91.
34. Sadeghi, M. & setayeshmanesh, M. (2022). Investigating the entrepreneurial development capacities of rural areas (Case study: Rural district of Northern Panjeh Ali, City of Ghorveh). Geography and Human Relationships, 5(1), 1-25. (in Persian)
35. Shahraki, R. (2014). Spatial analysis of barriers and limitations to the economic and social empowerment of rural households. Master’s thesis, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol. (In Persian)
36. Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Successful intelligence as a basis for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 189–201.
37. Bailetti, T. (2012). Technology entrepreneurship: Overview, definition, and distinctive aspects. Technology Innovation Management Review, 2(2), 5–12.
38. Darban Astaneh, M. R. , Shayan, H. , Annabestani, A. A. & Sojasi Gheydari, H. (2020). Investigating Structural Factors Affecting Innovation in Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Faruj). Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 17(2), 67-100. (in Persian)
39. Dehshiri, M. R. (2016). Globalization and Sustainable Development. Journals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 4(2), 64-75. (in Persian)
40. Elia, G., Margherita, A. & Petti, C. (2016). An operational model to develop technology entrepreneurship “EGO-System”. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(5), Article 1640008.
41. Emami, S. F. & Darban Astaneh, A. R. (2021). Using effective predictions in the field of rural physical production of Gilan province using research research. Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal, 2(1), 115-144. (in Persian)
42. Faraji Sabokbar, H., Badri, S. A., Sojasi Qidari, H., Sadeghloo, T. & Shahdadi Khaje Asgar, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship Development Ranking (Gradation) in Rural Area by Using of PROMETEE Technique. Human Geography Research, 43(1), 53-68. )In Persian)
43. Heydari Sarban, V. (2012). Prioritizing barriers affecting rural women’s entrepreneurship using the AHP method (Case study: Ardabil Province). Journal of Women’s Social Psychological Studies, 10(2), 159–177. (in Persian)
44. Jahannian, R. (2011). Investigating strategies for developing entrepreneurship in technical and vocational colleges of the Islamic Azad University. Educational Research and Management Quarterly, 2, 38–52. (in Persian)
45. Jamini, D. & Jamshidi, A. (2021). Modeling the Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship Indicators in Rural Areas of Iran (Case study: Owramanat Region, Kermanshah Province). Spatial Planning, 11(3), 73-94. (in Persian)
46. Johnson, D. (2006). Entrepreneurship education: Towards a discipline-based framework. Journal of Management Development, 25(1), 40–54.
47. Kheyrandish, M., Mohammadi Khiyareh, M. & Amini, H. (2019). The impact of innovation on rural development with emphasis on the mediating role of rural entrepreneurship (Case study: North Khorasan Province). Journal of Rural Development Strategies, 5(4), 441–453. (in Persian)
48. Mafakheri, L. (2021). Investigating and Explaining the Necessities of Benefiting from Technological Entrepreneurship in the Rural Development Process (Case Study of Gharanabad Village, Gorgan). Geography and Human Relationships, 3(4), 557-569. (in Persian)
49. Maysami, A., Mohammadi Elyasi, G. , Mobini Dehkordi, A. & Hejazi, S. R. (2018). The Dimensions and Components of Technological Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Iran. Journal of Technology Development Management, 5(4), 9-42. (in Persian)
50. Mousavi, S., Jabal Ameli, J. & Babaei, P. (2012). An overview of the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities. Proceedings of the National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Knowledge-Based Business Management, Babolsar, Iran, 1–16. (in Persian) https://civilica.com/doc/174810
51. Noor Fzlinda, F., Fabeil, J.L.H., Nga, J.L.H., Rasid, M., & Roslinah, M. (2017). Investigating the motivating factors and prospects for rural community involvement in entrepreneurship: Evidence from Mantanani Island, Sabah, Malaysia. London United Kingdom Conference, 19(1), 79-91.
52. Sadeghi, M. & setayeshmanesh, M. (2022). Investigating the entrepreneurial development capacities of rural areas (Case study: Rural district of Northern Panjeh Ali, City of Ghorveh). Geography and Human Relationships, 5(1), 1-25. (in Persian)
53. Shahraki, R. (2014). Spatial analysis of barriers and limitations to the economic and social empowerment of rural households. Master’s thesis, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol. (In Persian)
54. Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Successful intelligence as a basis for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 189–201.
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